Theoretical Basis of Practice and Social Workers Professional Training for the Health Care: Retrospective Review
Abstrakt
Teoretyczne podstawy praktyk i szkoleń zawodowych pracowników socjalnych zatrudnionych w systemie opieki zdrowotnej: przegląd retrospektywny
Wstęp. Międzynarodowe doświadczenia w zakresie pracy socjalnej w sektorze opieki zdrowotnej pokazują, że czynności wykonywane przez pracownika socjalnego wywierają znaczący wpływ na zdrowie obywateli i są konieczne dla poprawy dobrostanu społeczeństwa.
Cel. Celem badań było przeanalizowanie zaawansowanych rozwiązań teoretycznych opracowanych za granicą, dotyczących szkolenia pracowników socjalnych służby zdrowia pod kątem zastosowania ich na Ukrainie.
Materiały i metody. Wybrano, usystematyzowano i przeanalizowano 53 opracowania naukowe i naukowo-praktyczne dotyczące zagadnień filozoficznych, psychologicznych, pedagogicznych, medycznych oraz problemów pracowników socjalnych zatrudnionych w sektorze ochrony zdrowia. Na podstawie porównania i syntezy otrzymanych informacji dokonano ich uogólnienia, a wyniki przedstawiono w formie wniosków.
Wyniki. Działania pracowników socjalnych zatrudnionych w systemie opieki zdrowotnej bazują na dwóch podstawowych grupach teorii – podstawowych, opierających się na rezultatach działań socjalnych, oraz tych adaptowanych z psychologii, psychiatrii, bioetyki, opieki pielęgniarskiej, opieki zdrowotnej, socjologii i administracji.
Wnioski. W pracy socjalnej w sektorze opieki zdrowotnej najczęściej wykorzystywane są teorie zachowań zdrowotnych (model przekonań zdrowotnych, teoria działań celowych, zachowanie zaplanowane), teorie bazujące na relacjach społecznych (zachowania społeczne, zachowanie w trakcie korzystania z usług medycznych), a także model transteoretyczny. W szkoleniu pracowników socjalnych, zatrudnionych w systemie opieki zdrowotnej, ważne są zarówno teorie podstawowe jak i te adaptowane. W praktyce ważne jest ich wszechstronne zastosowanie, a także wiedza eklektyczna w odniesieniu do interdyscyplinarnego charakteru takiej pracy socjalnej.
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