Polityka wielokulturowości a edukacja obywatelska w Anglii – wybrane aspekty socjopedagogiczne
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Opublikowane:
mar 11, 2022
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Słowa kluczowe:
edukacja obywatelska, wielokulturowość, Anglia
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Abstrakt
W angielskim dyskursie politycznym wielokrotnie ogłaszano już koniec wielokulturowości jako idei łączącej więzy społeczne. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę analizy dyskursu debaty publicznej wokół problematyki wielokulturowości w Anglii oraz implikacji dla edukacji obywatelskiej. W artykule zostały przedstawione – po pierwsze – założenia edukacji obywatelskiej w kontekście budowania spójnego społeczeństwa w ramach kategorii Britishness, co było fundamentem działań laburzystów po 1997 roku. Po drugie ukazana została koncepcja idei Big Society w kontekście wielokulturowości, zaproponowanej przez Torysów po przejęciu władzy w 2010 roku. Ponadto podjęto próbę znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istotnie nastąpił koniec polityki wielokulturowości, czy też przybrała ona inną formę i jakie znaczenie ma ona dla przyszłości edukacji obywatelskiej.
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Bibliografia
Ajegbo, K., Kiwan, D., Sharma, S. (2007). Diversity and citizenship curriculum review. London: DfES.
Alexander, C., Weeks-Bernard, D. (2017). History lessons: inequality, diversity and the national curriculum. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 20 (4), 478-494.
Archard, D. (2003). Citizenship education and multiculturalism. W: A. Lockyer, B. Crick, J. Anette (red.), Education for democratic citizenship. Issues of theory and practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Banks, J.A., et. al. (2005). Democracy and diversity: Principles and concepts for educating citizens in a global age. Seattle:University of Washington.
Banks, J.A. (2008). Diversity and citizenship education in global times. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London:Sage.
Beck, J. (2012). A brief history of citizenship education in England and Wales. W: J. Arthur, H. Cremin (red.), Debates in citizenship education. London–New York: Routledge.
Blunkett urges citizenship debate, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1703322.stm (dostęp 19.02.2014).
Brett, P. (2007). Identity and Diversity: Citizenship Education and Looking Forwards from the Ajegbo Report, http://www.citized.info/pdf/commarticles/Peter%20Brett%20%20Identity%20and%20Diversity.pdf (dostęp 21.03.2017).
Cross, M. (2003). Racism and racial inequality: the British case in a European context. W: Z. Layton-Henry, C. Wilpert (red.), Challenging racism in Britain and Germany. London: Palgrave Macmilian.
Crozier, G. (2012). The politics of Education. Challenging Racial Discrimination and Disadvantage in Education in the British Context. W: C. Kassimeris i M. Vryonides (red.), The Politics of Education. Challenging Multiculturalism. New York–London: Routledge.
Davies, I., Chong, E.K.M. (2016). Current challenges for citizenship education in England. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5 (1), 20-36.
Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2007). Curriculum Review: Diversity and citizenship (Ajegbo Report). DfES: London.
Department for Education (DfE) (2014). National Curriculum www.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/381754/SECONDARY_national_curriculum.pdf (dostęp 26.11.2017).
Dorey, P. (2007). A New Direction or Another False Dawn? David Cameron and the Crisis of British Conservatism. British Politics, 2, 137-166.
Dudenhoefer, A.L. (2018). Resisting radicalization: a critical analysis of the UK Prevent Duty. Journal for the Deradicalization, 14, 153-191.
Education for citizenship and teaching democracy in schools. (1998). Final Report of the Advisory Group of Citizenship: London.
Figueroa, P. (2007). Diversity and citizenship education in England. W: J. Banks (red.), Diversity and citizenship education: global perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Flecknoe, M. (2002). Democracy, citizenship and school improvement: What can one school tell us? School Leadership and Management, 22 (4), 421-437.
Franklin, T. (2017). Citizenship lessons more vital now than ever. The Guardian, 8.06.2017, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jun/08/citizenship-lessons-in-schools-more-vital-now-than-ever (dostęp 29.12.2017).
Furedi, F. (2015). Spot the Little Terrorist in Your Midst: Why it’s wrong to turn teachers into spies on extremist kids, www.spikedonline.com/newsite/article/spot-the-little-terrorist-in-yourclassroom/17137#.Vu6TPeKLRD- (dostęp 29.03.2017).
Garratt, D., Piper, H. (2008). Citizenship education in England and Wales: theoretical critique and practical considerations. Teachers and Teaching, 14 (5), 481-496.
Gereluk, D. (2012). Education, extremism and terrorism. What should be taught in Citizenship education and why. London: Continuum.
Gilroy, P. (2004). After empire: Multiculture or postcolonial melancholia. London: Routledge.
Gmerek, T. (2011). Edukacja i nierówności społeczne. Studium porównawcze na przykładzie Anglii, Hiszpanii i Rosji. Kraków: OW Impuls.
Grillo, P.R. (2015). Reflections on British Multiculturalism, 1967-2014. W: P.R. Grillo et. al. (red.), Difference Essays on Transnationalism and Multiculturalism Living with. B and RG Books of Lewes. Kindle Edition.
Grosvenor, I. (1997). Assimilating identities: Racism and education policy in post 1945 Britain. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Heater, D. (2008). The history of citizenship education in England. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies (red.), Citizenship education, vol. 1. London: Sage.
Hejwosz-Gromkowska, D. (2019). Edukacja obywatelska we współczesnej Anglii. Studium socjopedagogiczne. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
HM Government (2010). Building a Stronger Society, 14.10.2010, https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/supporting-a-stronger-civil-society (dostęp 3.03.2018).
Joppke, C., Lukes, S. (1999). Multicultural questions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kerr, D., Cleaver, E. (2004). Citizenship education longitudinal study: Literature review – Citizenship education one year on – What does it mean?: Emerging definitions and approaches in the first year of National Curriculum Citizenship in England. Research Report 532. London: DfES.
Kerr, D. (2013). National Curriculum Implications for Citizenship London, Citizenship Foundation, http://www.citizenshipfoundation.org.uk/lib_res_pdf/1614.pdf (dostęp 9.12.2017).
Kerr, D. et al. (2007). Vision vs Pragmatism: Citizenship in the Secondary School Curriculum in England. London: NFER.
Kerr, D., Smith, A., Twine, C. (2008). Citizenship education in the United Kingdom. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Kiwan, D., Kiwan, N. (2005). Citizenship education: the French and English Experience. W: C. Pole, J. Pilcher, J. Williams (red.), Young people in transition. Becoming citizens? London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kymlicka, W. (1996). Multicultural citizenship: a liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary political philosophy. An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2003). Two Dilemmas of Citizenship Education in Pluralist Societies. W: A. Lockyer, B. Crick, J. Annette (red.), Education for Democratic Citizenship: Issues of Theory and Practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Malik, A. (2012). Citizenship education, race and community cohesion. W: J. Arthur, H. Cremin (red.), Debates in citizenship education. London–New York: Routledge.
Mattei, P., Broeks, M. (2018). From Multiculturalism to Civic Integration: Citizenship Education and Integration Policies in the Netherlands and England since 2000s. Ethnicities, 18 (1), 23-42.
McGhee, D. (2008). The end of multiculturalism. Terrorism, Integration and Human Rights. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Melosik, Z. (2007). Teoria i praktyka edukacji wielokulturowej. Kraków: OW Impuls.
Modood, T. (2011). Multiculturalism and integration: struggling with confusions. W: H. Mahamdallie (red.), Defending Multiculturalism: A Guide For The Movement. London: Bookmarks.
Nikitorowicz, J. (2007). Edukacja międzykulturowa. Kreowanie tożsamości dziecka. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Pedagogiczne.
Osler, A. (2008). Citizenship education and the Ajegbo Report: Re-imagining a cosmopolitan nation. London Review of Education, 6 (1), 11-25.
Osler, A. (2016). Citizenship education, social justice and Brexit. Research Intelligence, Summer 2016, 12-14.
Osler, A., Starkey, H. (2001). Citizenship Education and National Identities in France and England: inclusive or exclusive? Oxford Review of Education, 27 (2), 287-305.
Owen, D. (2013). Future Identities: Changing Identities in the UK – the next 10 years. London: Government Office for Science.
Sales, R. (2010). What is ‘Britishness’, and is it Important? W: G. Calder, D. Cole, J. Seglow (red.), Citizenship Acquisition and National Belonging. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shain, F. (2013). Race, nation and education. An overview of British attempts to ‘manage diversity since 1950s. Education Inquiry, 4 (1), 63-85.
Patterson Dilworth, P. (2008). Multicultural citizenship education. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Starkey, H. (2008). Antiracism. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Sturman, L., Rowe, N., Sainsbury, M., Wheater, R., Kerr, D. (2012). Citizens in Transition in England: the Longitudinal Cohort at age 19-20. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research.
The British Academy (2017). English identity and the Governance of England, https://www.britac.ac.uk/governing-england-devolution-and-identity (dostęp 8.06.2018).
Watson, M. (2020). Michael Gove’s war on professional historical expertise: conservative curriculum reform, extreme whig history and the place of imperial heroes in modern multicultural Britain. British Politics, 15, 271-290.
Whiteley, P. (2012). Political participation in Britain: The decline and revival of civic culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wright, O., Taylor, J. (2011). Cameron: My war on multiculturalism. The Independent, 5.02.2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-my-war-on-multiculturalism-2205074.html (dostęp 7.09.2017).
Alexander, C., Weeks-Bernard, D. (2017). History lessons: inequality, diversity and the national curriculum. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 20 (4), 478-494.
Archard, D. (2003). Citizenship education and multiculturalism. W: A. Lockyer, B. Crick, J. Anette (red.), Education for democratic citizenship. Issues of theory and practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Banks, J.A., et. al. (2005). Democracy and diversity: Principles and concepts for educating citizens in a global age. Seattle:University of Washington.
Banks, J.A. (2008). Diversity and citizenship education in global times. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London:Sage.
Beck, J. (2012). A brief history of citizenship education in England and Wales. W: J. Arthur, H. Cremin (red.), Debates in citizenship education. London–New York: Routledge.
Blunkett urges citizenship debate, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1703322.stm (dostęp 19.02.2014).
Brett, P. (2007). Identity and Diversity: Citizenship Education and Looking Forwards from the Ajegbo Report, http://www.citized.info/pdf/commarticles/Peter%20Brett%20%20Identity%20and%20Diversity.pdf (dostęp 21.03.2017).
Cross, M. (2003). Racism and racial inequality: the British case in a European context. W: Z. Layton-Henry, C. Wilpert (red.), Challenging racism in Britain and Germany. London: Palgrave Macmilian.
Crozier, G. (2012). The politics of Education. Challenging Racial Discrimination and Disadvantage in Education in the British Context. W: C. Kassimeris i M. Vryonides (red.), The Politics of Education. Challenging Multiculturalism. New York–London: Routledge.
Davies, I., Chong, E.K.M. (2016). Current challenges for citizenship education in England. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5 (1), 20-36.
Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2007). Curriculum Review: Diversity and citizenship (Ajegbo Report). DfES: London.
Department for Education (DfE) (2014). National Curriculum www.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/381754/SECONDARY_national_curriculum.pdf (dostęp 26.11.2017).
Dorey, P. (2007). A New Direction or Another False Dawn? David Cameron and the Crisis of British Conservatism. British Politics, 2, 137-166.
Dudenhoefer, A.L. (2018). Resisting radicalization: a critical analysis of the UK Prevent Duty. Journal for the Deradicalization, 14, 153-191.
Education for citizenship and teaching democracy in schools. (1998). Final Report of the Advisory Group of Citizenship: London.
Figueroa, P. (2007). Diversity and citizenship education in England. W: J. Banks (red.), Diversity and citizenship education: global perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Flecknoe, M. (2002). Democracy, citizenship and school improvement: What can one school tell us? School Leadership and Management, 22 (4), 421-437.
Franklin, T. (2017). Citizenship lessons more vital now than ever. The Guardian, 8.06.2017, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jun/08/citizenship-lessons-in-schools-more-vital-now-than-ever (dostęp 29.12.2017).
Furedi, F. (2015). Spot the Little Terrorist in Your Midst: Why it’s wrong to turn teachers into spies on extremist kids, www.spikedonline.com/newsite/article/spot-the-little-terrorist-in-yourclassroom/17137#.Vu6TPeKLRD- (dostęp 29.03.2017).
Garratt, D., Piper, H. (2008). Citizenship education in England and Wales: theoretical critique and practical considerations. Teachers and Teaching, 14 (5), 481-496.
Gereluk, D. (2012). Education, extremism and terrorism. What should be taught in Citizenship education and why. London: Continuum.
Gilroy, P. (2004). After empire: Multiculture or postcolonial melancholia. London: Routledge.
Gmerek, T. (2011). Edukacja i nierówności społeczne. Studium porównawcze na przykładzie Anglii, Hiszpanii i Rosji. Kraków: OW Impuls.
Grillo, P.R. (2015). Reflections on British Multiculturalism, 1967-2014. W: P.R. Grillo et. al. (red.), Difference Essays on Transnationalism and Multiculturalism Living with. B and RG Books of Lewes. Kindle Edition.
Grosvenor, I. (1997). Assimilating identities: Racism and education policy in post 1945 Britain. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Heater, D. (2008). The history of citizenship education in England. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies (red.), Citizenship education, vol. 1. London: Sage.
Hejwosz-Gromkowska, D. (2019). Edukacja obywatelska we współczesnej Anglii. Studium socjopedagogiczne. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
HM Government (2010). Building a Stronger Society, 14.10.2010, https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/supporting-a-stronger-civil-society (dostęp 3.03.2018).
Joppke, C., Lukes, S. (1999). Multicultural questions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kerr, D., Cleaver, E. (2004). Citizenship education longitudinal study: Literature review – Citizenship education one year on – What does it mean?: Emerging definitions and approaches in the first year of National Curriculum Citizenship in England. Research Report 532. London: DfES.
Kerr, D. (2013). National Curriculum Implications for Citizenship London, Citizenship Foundation, http://www.citizenshipfoundation.org.uk/lib_res_pdf/1614.pdf (dostęp 9.12.2017).
Kerr, D. et al. (2007). Vision vs Pragmatism: Citizenship in the Secondary School Curriculum in England. London: NFER.
Kerr, D., Smith, A., Twine, C. (2008). Citizenship education in the United Kingdom. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Kiwan, D., Kiwan, N. (2005). Citizenship education: the French and English Experience. W: C. Pole, J. Pilcher, J. Williams (red.), Young people in transition. Becoming citizens? London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kymlicka, W. (1996). Multicultural citizenship: a liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary political philosophy. An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2003). Two Dilemmas of Citizenship Education in Pluralist Societies. W: A. Lockyer, B. Crick, J. Annette (red.), Education for Democratic Citizenship: Issues of Theory and Practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Malik, A. (2012). Citizenship education, race and community cohesion. W: J. Arthur, H. Cremin (red.), Debates in citizenship education. London–New York: Routledge.
Mattei, P., Broeks, M. (2018). From Multiculturalism to Civic Integration: Citizenship Education and Integration Policies in the Netherlands and England since 2000s. Ethnicities, 18 (1), 23-42.
McGhee, D. (2008). The end of multiculturalism. Terrorism, Integration and Human Rights. Berkshire: Open University Press.
Melosik, Z. (2007). Teoria i praktyka edukacji wielokulturowej. Kraków: OW Impuls.
Modood, T. (2011). Multiculturalism and integration: struggling with confusions. W: H. Mahamdallie (red.), Defending Multiculturalism: A Guide For The Movement. London: Bookmarks.
Nikitorowicz, J. (2007). Edukacja międzykulturowa. Kreowanie tożsamości dziecka. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Pedagogiczne.
Osler, A. (2008). Citizenship education and the Ajegbo Report: Re-imagining a cosmopolitan nation. London Review of Education, 6 (1), 11-25.
Osler, A. (2016). Citizenship education, social justice and Brexit. Research Intelligence, Summer 2016, 12-14.
Osler, A., Starkey, H. (2001). Citizenship Education and National Identities in France and England: inclusive or exclusive? Oxford Review of Education, 27 (2), 287-305.
Owen, D. (2013). Future Identities: Changing Identities in the UK – the next 10 years. London: Government Office for Science.
Sales, R. (2010). What is ‘Britishness’, and is it Important? W: G. Calder, D. Cole, J. Seglow (red.), Citizenship Acquisition and National Belonging. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shain, F. (2013). Race, nation and education. An overview of British attempts to ‘manage diversity since 1950s. Education Inquiry, 4 (1), 63-85.
Patterson Dilworth, P. (2008). Multicultural citizenship education. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Starkey, H. (2008). Antiracism. W: J. Arthur, I. Davies, C. Hahn (red.), Education for citizenship and democracy. London: Sage.
Sturman, L., Rowe, N., Sainsbury, M., Wheater, R., Kerr, D. (2012). Citizens in Transition in England: the Longitudinal Cohort at age 19-20. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research.
The British Academy (2017). English identity and the Governance of England, https://www.britac.ac.uk/governing-england-devolution-and-identity (dostęp 8.06.2018).
Watson, M. (2020). Michael Gove’s war on professional historical expertise: conservative curriculum reform, extreme whig history and the place of imperial heroes in modern multicultural Britain. British Politics, 15, 271-290.
Whiteley, P. (2012). Political participation in Britain: The decline and revival of civic culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wright, O., Taylor, J. (2011). Cameron: My war on multiculturalism. The Independent, 5.02.2011, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/cameron-my-war-on-multiculturalism-2205074.html (dostęp 7.09.2017).