The Position of Middle Irish: Historical Linguistics and Glottochronology

Tatyana A. Mikhailova

doi:10.18290/rh216911-7s

Tatyana A. Mikhailova Mikhail Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rosia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-6260

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/rh216911-7s

Słowa kluczowe: historia języka irlandzkiego, zmiany semantyczne, typologia języka, glottochronologia, derywacja semantyczna, etymologia

Abstrakt

Pozycja języka średnioirlandzkiego: językoznawstwo historyczne a glottochronologia

Morris Swadesh (1952, 1955) zaproponował nową metodę datowania zmian językowych, która zakładała 1000-letnią retencję 86% słownictwa, tzn. 14 słów (z listy 100 podstawowych) musi być zastąpione. Przy jej użyciu Greene (1964), a następnie Elsie (1979), podjęli próbę określenia, kiedy nastąpił podział na grupę goidelską oraz brytańską. Blažek i Novotná (2006) datują to wydarzenie na okres ok. 1200 p.n.e., gdyż użyli nowej kalibracji, zmieniając stałą dezintegracji λ z 0.14 na 0.05 na millennium, wyeliminowali zapożyczenia oraz uwzględnili synonimy w liście słów. Użycie synonimów zaprzecza oryginalnej idei Swadesha, która zakładała listę podstawowego słownictwa, oraz automatycznie prowadzi do sztucznej archaizacji. W artykule pod rozwagę poddaje się możliwość analizy zmian semantycznych w podstawowym słownictwie irlandzkim przy użyciu oryginalnej metody oraz podjęto próbę oszacowania wzrostu średnioirlandzkiej warstwy językowej.

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