The Sources of Diodorus on the History of the Expedition of the Ten Thousand
Abstract
The Anabasis of Xenophon was not the only account of the expedition of Cyrus. However, the other accounts were lost, and they are known today only thanks to the intermediate tradition. As it is thought, the narrative of Diodorus on the expedition of Cyrus (14, 19-31; 14, 37, 1-4) is based on the lost work of Ephorus of Cyme. It is necessary to state that this account differs to some extent from the narrative of Xenophon. Therefore, the question is what the sources exploited by Ephorus are. The aim of the current work is to present the selection of the most significant differences and similarities between the extent accounts. Furthermore, the most important views concerning this issue are discussed. The evidence which could suggest that the Anabasis is not a source of Ephorus is rather of secondary importance and in many cases could be interpreted otherwise. Despite the linguistic differences between the Anabasis and the Bibliothece, we can notice that in Diodorus there are expressions which resemble greatly these of Xenophon. By considering the similarities between these two narratives, we can assume that the main sources which could be identified in the story of Ephorus and Diodorus are the account of Xenophon supplemented by the information taken from the work of Ctesias.
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