Osobowościowe predyktory zachowań etosowych w organizacji

Sylwiusz Retowski; Maria Kaźmierczak

Sylwiusz Retowski SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot
Maria Kaźmierczak University of Gdańsk

Keywords: OCB; empathy in work; locus of control; self-efficacy

Abstract

The present study investigated the degree to which empathy, locus of control, and self-efficacy were related to two types of organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB): those directed toward other individuals (OCB-I) and those directed toward the organization (OCB-O). Data were collected from a sample of 313 employees representing various professions. Two types of OCB were measured by means of the experimental versions of the scale developed on the basis of qualitative data. The Polish version of the questionnaires measuring empathy in work, locus of control and self-efficacy were also used. Results of regression analysis indicated that only empathy in work and self-efficacy were good predictors of OCB. Neither general locus of control nor locus of control in work were good predictors of any kind of OCB. The correlation analysis performed separately for different occupational groups revealed significant differences. In general, the controlled personality variables were better predictors of OCB-I (R² = 32%) than OCB-O (R² = 22%). Empathy in work turned out to be the strongest OCB predictor. Significant differences between different occupational groups suggest that the idea of conducting studies on homogeneous professional groups is worth considering.

References

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, American Psychologist, 37, 2, 122-147.
Bettencourt, L. A., Meuter, M. L., Gwinner, K. P. (2001). A comparison of attitude, personality, and knowledge predictors of service-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1, 29-41.
Blau, G. (1993). Testing the relationship of locus of control to different performance dimensions, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66, 125-138.
Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors? Academy of Management Review, 24, 1, 237-250.
Borman, W. C., Penner, L. A., Allen, T. D., Motowidlo, S. J. (2001). Personality predictors of citizenship performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 1-2, 52-69.
Carifio, J., Rhodes, L. (2002). Construct validities and the empirical relationships between optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Work, 19, 125-136.
Cole, G. A. (1995). Organizational behavior. London: DP Publications, Ltd.
Davis, M. H. (2001). Empatia. O umiejętności wpółodczuwania. Gdańsk: Wyd. GWP.
Davis, M. H., Kraus, L. (1991). Dispositional empathy and social relationships. Advances in Personal Relationships, 3, 75-115.
Eisenberg, N., Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91-119.
Hoffman, M. L. (2003). Empathy and moral development. Implications for caring and justice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hogan, J., Hogan, R., Busch, C. M. (1984). How to measure service orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 167-173.
Juczyński, Z. (2001). Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych PTP.
Judge, T., Bono, J. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1, 80-92.
Kaźmierczak, M. (2004). Empatia w strukturach organizacyjnych. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 7, 2, 131-144.
Kaźmierczak, M. (2005). Empatia a jakość relacji interpersonalnych w związku małżeńskim (mps pracy doktorskiej, Uniwersytet Gdański).
McNeely, B. L., Meglino, B. M. (1994). The role of dispositional and situational antecedents in prosocial organizational behavior: An examination of the intended beneficiaries of prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 6, 836-844.
Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role definitions and organizational citizenship behaviors: The importance of the employees’ perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1543-1567.
Motowidlo, S. J., van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 4, 475-480.
Mowen, J. C. (2000). The 3M model of motivation and personality: Theory and empirical applications to consumer behavior. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Organ, D. W., Paine, J. B. (1999). A new kind of performance for industrial and organizational psychology: Recent contributions to the study of organizational citizenship behavior. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14, 338-368.
Podsakoff, Ph. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 3, 513-563.
Schyns, B., von Collani, G. (2002). A new occuptational self-efficacy scale and its relation to personality constructs and organizational variables. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11, 2, 219-241.
Settoon, R. P., Mossholder, K. W. (2002). Relationship quality and relationship context as antecedents of person- and task-focused interpersonal citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 2, 255-267.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S. (2002). An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Human Resources Management Review, 12, 269-292.
Tomer, J. F. (1998). Organizational capital and joining-up: Linking the individual to the organization and the society. Human Relations, 51, 6, 825-846.

Personality predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors

Abstract

References