Metanalysis and phonaesthesia as sources of secondary initials in Irish

  • Magdalena Chudak The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Humanities
Keywords: Irish dialect; metanalysis; echo-phrases; reduplication; phonaesthetics sound symbolism

Abstract

The contention of the article is to account for the sources of three non-etymological initial consonants in Irish, i.e. n-, t-, and s-. It is shown that the initial n- and t-, originally belonging to the definite article, attach to vowel-initial words through the process of metanalysis. Non-historical s-, in turn, operates as a phonaestheme, a segment serving an expressive function, identified universally in Indo-European languages as pejorative.

References

Allan, Keith. 1986. Linguistic Meaning. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Anderson Earl R. 1998. A Grammar of Iconism. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.

Ball, Martin. J. and Nicole Miller. 1992. Mutations in Welsh. London: Routledge.

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bolinger, Dwight. 1950. “Rime, Assonance and Morpheme analysis.” Word 6/2: 117-136.

Breatnach, Risteard B. 1947. The Irish of Ring, Co. Wateford. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

Breatnach, Risteard B. 1964/66. “A question of methods.” Éigse 11: 157–65.

Campbell, Lyle. 2013. Historical Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Crystal, David. 2003. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell.

de Bhaldraithe, Tomás. 1945. The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: a Phonetic Study. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

de Búrca, Sean. 1958. The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: a phonemic study. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

Firth, John R. 1930. Speech. London: Benn.

Hamilton, John N. 1974. The Irish of Tory Island. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast.

Hickey, Raymond. 2011. The Dialects of Irish. Study in a Changing Landscape. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.

Holmer, Nils M. 1962. The Dialects of Co. Clare. Part I. Royal Irish Academy Todd Lecture Series, vol. 19. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

Jespersen, Otto. 1904. Lehrbuch der Phonetic. Leipzig: Teubner.

Jespersen, Otto. 1922. Language: Its Nature and Development. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Małocha, Agnieszka. 1994. “Żydowskie zapożyczenia leksykalne w socjolekcie przestępczym.” In J. Anusiewicz, B. Siciński: Języki subkultur. Wrocław: Wiedza o Kulturze, 135-170.

Markel, Norman N. and Eric P. Hamp. 1960. “Connotative meanings of certain phoneme sequences.” Studies in Linguisics 15: 47-61.

Matiello, Elisa. 2013. Extra-grammatical morphology in English: Abbreviations, Blends, Reduplicatives, and Related Phenomena. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Miller, D. Gary. 2014. English Lexicogenesis. OUP Oxford.

Mobbs, Ian. 2007. “Phonoaesthesia, diachronic semantics, and the faculties of performance.” https://www.academia.edu/234791/Phonaesthesia_and_the_faculties_of_performance, 10.09.2015.

Nevins, Andrew and Bert Vaux. 2003. “Metalingustic, Shmetalinguistic: The Phonology of Shm-Reduplication.” Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society 39(1): 702-721.

Ó Cuív, Brian. 1944. The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: a Phonetic Study. Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.

Ó Dónaill, Niall. 1977. Foclóir Gaeilge- Béarla. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig an tSoláthair.

Ohala, John J. 1997. “Sound symbolism.” Proc. 4th Seoul International Conference on Linguistics [SICOL] 11-15 Aug 1997. 98-103.

Ó Siadhail, Mícheál. 1989. Modern Irish: Grammatical Structure and Dialectical Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Simpsons, John A. and Edmund S.C. Weiner. 1989. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Quiggin, Edmund C. 1906. A Dialect of Donegal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Philps, Dennis. 2011. “Reconsidering phonæsthemes: Submorphemic invariance in English ‘sn- words’.” Lingua 121: 1121-1137.

Rangell, Leo. 1954. “The Psychology of poise — with a special elaboration on the psychic significance of the snout or peri-oral region.” International Journal of Psycholinguistics 35, 313-332.

Sommerfelt, Alf. 1922. The dialect of Torr, Co. Donegal. Christiania: Dybwad.

Southern, Mark R. V. 2005. Contagious Couplings: Transmission of Expressives in Yiddish Echo Phrases. Westport: Greenwood Publishing House.

Southern, Mark R.V. 1999. “Sub-Grammatical Survival: Indo-European s-mobile and its Regeneration in Germanic.” Journal of Indo-European Sudies Monograph 34.

Toner, Gregory, Grigory Bondarenko, Maxim Fomin, and Thomas Torma. 2007. An Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. www.dil.ie.

Wright, Joseph. (Ed.). 1898-1905. The English Dialect Dictionary, vol. I-VI. London: H. Frowde.

Żabowska, Magdalena. 2011. “O tzw. dopowiedzeniach zaprzeczających.” Prace Filologiczne LX: 353–364.

Online corpora:

NKJP: National Corpus of the Polish Language, www.nkjp.pl.

PELCRA Polish English Language Corpora for Research and Application, www.pelcra.pl.

COCA The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990-present, corpus.byu.edu/coca/.

COHA The Corpus of Historical American English: 400 million words, 1810-2009, corpus. byu.edu/coha/.

Published
2019-10-23
Section
Articles