Dobro odbiorcy w kodeksach etyczno-zawodowych psychologów
Słowa kluczowe:
etyka zawodu psychologa; dobro odbiorcy; dobro klienta; kodeksy etyczno-zawodowe
Abstrakt
Poszanowanie dobra odbiorcy, podstawowy standard etyczny psychologii, pojawia się w niemal wszystkich kodeksach etyczno-zawodowych. Norma ta nie jest wystarczająco precyzyjnie sformułowana, jej zaplecze filozoficzne jest nieokreślone, a status raczej aspiracyjny niż regulacyjny. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zmian, jakim ulegało rozumienie normy poszanowania dobra odbiorcy w procesie rozwoju kodyfikacji etyczno-zawodowych w psychologii: od roku 1952 (pierwszy kodeks Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego) do roku 2008 (Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists). Proces ten określić można jako stopniowe odchodzenie od zachodniego absolutystycznego etnocentryzmu w kierunku uniwersalizacji zasad etyczno-zawodowych, opartej na poszanowaniu zarówno wspólnej ludzkiej godności, jak i różnic międzykulturowych.
Bibliografia
American Psychological Association (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
British Psychological Society (2006). Code of ethics and conduct. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
Canadian Psychological Association (2000). Canadian code of ethics for psychologists. Retrieved Jun 12, 2011, from http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Canadian%20Code% 20of% 20Ethics% 20for% 20Psycho.pdf
Clay, R. (2002). An indigenized psychology. Monitor on Psychology, 13(5), 58-59.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Berufsverband Deutscher und Psychologinnen Psychologen (1999). DGPS Ethische und Richtlinien der des BDP. Retrieved Dec 6, 2011, from http://www.bdp-verband.org/bdp/verband/ethik.shtml
European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (2005). Meta-Code of Ethics. Brussels, Belgium: EFPA.
Fisher, C. (2003). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Gauthier, J. (2003). Toward a universal declaration of ethical principles for psychologists. In J. B. Overmier & J. A. Overmier (Eds.), Psychology: IUPsyS global resource. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Gauthier, J. (2009). Ethical principles and human rights: Building a better world globally. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22(1), 25-32.
International Union of Psychological Science (2008). Universal declaration of ethical principles for psychologists. Retrieved Jun 21, 2011, from http://iupsys.net/index.php/ethics/declaration
Kultgen, J. (1982). The ideological use of professional codes. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 1(3), 53-69.
Kultgen, J. (1988). Ethics and Professionalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Leach, M. & Harbin, J. (1997). Psychological ethics codes: a comparison of twenty-four countries. International Journal of Psychology, 32(3), 181-192.
Murray, B. (2002). Psychology takes a tenuous hold in Pakistan. Monitor on Psychology, 33(5), 45-47.
Newton, L. H. (1988). Lawgiving for professional life: Reflections of the place of professional code. In A. Flores (Ed.), The professional ideals (pp. 47-56). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Okasha, A. (2000). The impact of Arab culture on psychiatric ethics. In A. Okasha, J. Arboleda-Florez, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Ethics, culture, and psychiatry (pp. 15-28). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Olatawrura, M. (2000). Ethics in sub-Saharan Africa. In A. Okasha, J. Arboleda-Florez, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Ethics, culture, and psychiatry (pp. 103-108). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Pedersen, P. (1995). Culture-centered ethical guidelines for counselors. In J. Ponterotto, J. Casa, L. Suzuki, & C. Alexander (Eds.), A handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 34-49). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pedersen, P. (2001). Multiculturalism and paradigm shift in counseling: Controversies and alternative futures. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 35, 15-25.
Pettifor, J. (1996). Ethics: Virtue and politics in the science and practice of psychology. Canadian Psychology, 37, 1-12.
Pettifor, J. (2004). Professional ethics across national boundaries. European Psychologist, 9(4), 264-272.
Pettifor, J. & Horne, K. (2001). Professional ethics: Social responsibility or the status quo? In R. Roth & S. Neill (Eds.), A matter for life: Psychological theory, research and practice (pp. 449-46). Berlin: Pabst.
PTP, Polish Psychological Association (1992). Code of professional ethics for the psychologist. Warsaw: Polish Psychological Association.
Quian, M., Gao, J., Yao, P., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2009). Professional, ethical issues and the development of professional ethical standards in counseling and clinical psychology in China. Ethics and Behavior, 19(4), 290-309.
Schuler, H. (1982). Ethical problems in psychological research, New York: Academic Press.
Sinclair, C., Poizner, S., Gilmour-Barrett, K., & Randall, D. (1987). The development of a code of ethics for Canadian psychologists. Canadian Psychology, 28, 1-8.
Societe Francaise de Psychologie. (1996). Code de deontology des Psychologues. Retrieved May 12, 2011, from http://www.sfpsy.org/IMG/pdf/revision-code-2011.pdf
British Psychological Society (2006). Code of ethics and conduct. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
Canadian Psychological Association (2000). Canadian code of ethics for psychologists. Retrieved Jun 12, 2011, from http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Canadian%20Code% 20of% 20Ethics% 20for% 20Psycho.pdf
Clay, R. (2002). An indigenized psychology. Monitor on Psychology, 13(5), 58-59.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Berufsverband Deutscher und Psychologinnen Psychologen (1999). DGPS Ethische und Richtlinien der des BDP. Retrieved Dec 6, 2011, from http://www.bdp-verband.org/bdp/verband/ethik.shtml
European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (2005). Meta-Code of Ethics. Brussels, Belgium: EFPA.
Fisher, C. (2003). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Gauthier, J. (2003). Toward a universal declaration of ethical principles for psychologists. In J. B. Overmier & J. A. Overmier (Eds.), Psychology: IUPsyS global resource. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Gauthier, J. (2009). Ethical principles and human rights: Building a better world globally. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22(1), 25-32.
International Union of Psychological Science (2008). Universal declaration of ethical principles for psychologists. Retrieved Jun 21, 2011, from http://iupsys.net/index.php/ethics/declaration
Kultgen, J. (1982). The ideological use of professional codes. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 1(3), 53-69.
Kultgen, J. (1988). Ethics and Professionalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Leach, M. & Harbin, J. (1997). Psychological ethics codes: a comparison of twenty-four countries. International Journal of Psychology, 32(3), 181-192.
Murray, B. (2002). Psychology takes a tenuous hold in Pakistan. Monitor on Psychology, 33(5), 45-47.
Newton, L. H. (1988). Lawgiving for professional life: Reflections of the place of professional code. In A. Flores (Ed.), The professional ideals (pp. 47-56). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Okasha, A. (2000). The impact of Arab culture on psychiatric ethics. In A. Okasha, J. Arboleda-Florez, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Ethics, culture, and psychiatry (pp. 15-28). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Olatawrura, M. (2000). Ethics in sub-Saharan Africa. In A. Okasha, J. Arboleda-Florez, & N. Sartorius (Eds.), Ethics, culture, and psychiatry (pp. 103-108). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Pedersen, P. (1995). Culture-centered ethical guidelines for counselors. In J. Ponterotto, J. Casa, L. Suzuki, & C. Alexander (Eds.), A handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 34-49). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Pedersen, P. (2001). Multiculturalism and paradigm shift in counseling: Controversies and alternative futures. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 35, 15-25.
Pettifor, J. (1996). Ethics: Virtue and politics in the science and practice of psychology. Canadian Psychology, 37, 1-12.
Pettifor, J. (2004). Professional ethics across national boundaries. European Psychologist, 9(4), 264-272.
Pettifor, J. & Horne, K. (2001). Professional ethics: Social responsibility or the status quo? In R. Roth & S. Neill (Eds.), A matter for life: Psychological theory, research and practice (pp. 449-46). Berlin: Pabst.
PTP, Polish Psychological Association (1992). Code of professional ethics for the psychologist. Warsaw: Polish Psychological Association.
Quian, M., Gao, J., Yao, P., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2009). Professional, ethical issues and the development of professional ethical standards in counseling and clinical psychology in China. Ethics and Behavior, 19(4), 290-309.
Schuler, H. (1982). Ethical problems in psychological research, New York: Academic Press.
Sinclair, C., Poizner, S., Gilmour-Barrett, K., & Randall, D. (1987). The development of a code of ethics for Canadian psychologists. Canadian Psychology, 28, 1-8.
Societe Francaise de Psychologie. (1996). Code de deontology des Psychologues. Retrieved May 12, 2011, from http://www.sfpsy.org/IMG/pdf/revision-code-2011.pdf
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2019-04-04
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