Teoria ukierunkowań regulacyjnych E. Tory Higginsa
Słowa kluczowe:
samoregulacja; ukierunkowania regulacyjne; Higgins
Abstrakt
Zaproponowana przez E. Tory Higginsa teoria ukierunkowali regulacyjnych, rozróżnia dwie odrębne strategie (systemy) samoregulacji: (1) promocyjne i (2) prewencyjne ukierunkowanie regulacyjne. Pierwsza związana jest z koncentracją na ideałach, osiągnięciach, aspiracjach i wzroście, natomiast druga - z koncentracją na powinnościach, zobowiązaniach, odpowiedzialności, ochranianiu i bezpieczeństwie. Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze tezy teorii oraz wyniki wybranych badań dotyczących znaczenia ukierunkowali regulacyjnych dla procesów poznawczych i decyzyjnych, różnych aspektów realizacji celów, a także dla emocji, formułowania ocen i wartościowania obiektów. Ostatnia część ma charakter dyskusyjny i koncentruje się na ocenie teorii Higginsa, jej związków z innymi modelami samoregulacji oraz miejsca w szerszym kontekście zmiennych osobowościowych i temperamentalnych.
Bibliografia
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Avnet, T., Higgins, E. T. (2006). How regulatory fit affects value in consumer choices and opinions. Journal of Marketing Research, 43, 1-10.
Baumeister, R. F. (2004). Wyczerpywanie się ego i funkcja wykonawcza Ja. W: A. Tesser, R. B. Felson, J. M. Suls (red.), Ja i tożsamość (s. 18-42). Gdańsk: GWP.
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Bąk, W. (2003). Struktura systemu Ja a nasilenie lęku egzystencjalnego. W: P. Francuz, M. Grygielski, W. Otrębski (red.), Studia z psychologii w KUL (t. 11, s. 137-156). Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
Bąk, W. (2005). Emocjonalne korelaty rozbieżności JA – badania inspirowane teorią E. T. Higginsa. Psychologia. Edukacja i Społeczeństwo, 2, 27-39.
Brendl, C. M., Higgins, E. T., Lemm, K. M. (1995). Sensitivity to varying gains and losses: The role of self-discrepancies and event framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1028-1051.
Bruch, M. A., Rivet, K. M., Laurenti, H. J. (2000). Type of self-discrepancy and relationships to components of the tripartite model of emotional distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 37-44.
Buss, K. A., Schumacher, J. R. M., Dolski, I., Kalin, N. H., Goldsmith, H. H., Davidson, R. J. (2003). Right frontal brain activity, cortisol, and withdrawal behavior in 6-month-old infants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 11-20.
Camacho, C. J., Higgins, E. T., Luger, L. (2003). Moral value transfer from regulatory fit: What feels right is right and what feels wrong is wrong. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 498-510.
Carver, C. S. (2001). Affect and the functional bases of behavior: On the dimensional structure of affective experience. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 345-356.
Carver, C. S. (2004a). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3-22.
Carver, C. S. (2004b). Self-regulation of action and affect. W: R. F. Baumeister, K. D. Vohs (red.), Handbook of self-regulation. Research, theory, and applications (s. 13-39). New York–London: The Guilford Press.
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Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Carver, C. S., Sutton, S. K., Scheier, M. F. (2000). Action, emotion, and personality: Emerging conceptual integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 741-751.
Cesario, J., Grant, H., Higgins, E. T. (2004). Regulatory fit and persuasion: Transfer from “feeling right”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 388-404.
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Crowe, E., Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 117-132.
Doliński, D., Drogosz, M. (2007). Czy obywatele poszliby głosować przeciw? Regulacyjne nastawienie na promocję vs. prewencję a aktywność wyborcza. Kolokwia Psychologiczne, 16, 103-116.
Doliński, D., Łukaszewski, W. (2000). Typy motywacji. W: J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 2, s. 469-491). Gdańsk: GWP.
Duval, T. S., Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press.
Evans, L. M., Petty, R. E. (2003). Self-guide framing and persuasion: Responsibly increasing message processing to ideal levels. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 313-324.
Eysenck, H. J. (1990). Biological dimentions of personality. W: L. A. Pervin (red.), Handbook of personality. Theory and research (s. 244-276). New York: Guilford Press.
Falkowski, A. (2000). Spostrzeganie jako mechanizm tworzenia doświadczenia za pomocą zmysłów. W: J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 2, s. 25-55). Gdańsk: GWP.
Förster, J., Grant, H., Idson, L. C., Higgins, E. T. (2001). Success/failure feedback, expectancies, and approach/avoidance motivation: How regulatory focus moderates classic relations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 253-260.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Bianco, A. T. (2003). Speed/accuracy decisions in task performance: Built-in trade-off or separate strategic concerns? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90, 148-164.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Idson, L. C. (1998). Approach and avoidance strength during goal attainment: Regulatory focus and the “goal looms larger” effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1115-1131.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Strack, F. (2000). When stereotype disconfirmation is a personal threat: How prejudice and prevention focus moderate incongruency effects. Social Cognition, 18, 178-197.
Freitas, A. L., Higgins, E. T. (2002). Enjoying goal-directed action: The role of regulatory fit. Psychological Science, 13, 1-6.
Freitas, A. L., Liberman, N., Salovey, P., Higgins, E. T. (2002). When to begin? Regulatory focus and initiating goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 121-130.
Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E., Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325-336.
Gramzow, R. H., Sedikides, C., Panter, A. T., Insko, C. A. (2000). Aspects of self-regulation and self-structure as predictors of perceived emotional distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 188-205.
Gray, J. A. (1999a). Trzy podstawowe systemy emocjonalne. W: P. Ekman, R. J. Davidson (red.), Natura emocji. Podstawowe zagadnienia (s. 210-215). Gdańsk: GWP.
Gray, J. A. (1999b). Wymiary osobowości a systemy emocjonalne. W: P. Ekman, R. J. Davidson (red.), Natura emocji. Podstawowe zagadnienia (s. 276-279). Gdańsk: GWP.
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Higgins, E. T. (1989). Continuities and discontinuities in self-regulatory and self-evaluative processes: A developmental theory relating self and affect. Journal of Personality, 57, 407-444.
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300.
Higgins, E. T. (1999). When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second- -generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1313-1317.
Higgins, E. T. (2000). Making a good decision: Value from fit. American Psychologist, 55, 1217-1230.
Higgins, E. T. (2002). How self-regulation creates distinct values: The case of promotion and prevention decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12, 177-191.
Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113, 439-460.
Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 3-23.
Higgins, E. T., Idson, L. C., Freitas, A. L., Spiegel, S., Molden, D. C. (2003). Transfer of value from fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1140-1153.
Higgins, E. T., Roney, C. J. R., Crowe, E., Hymes, C. (1994). Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance: Distinct self-regulatory systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 276-286.
Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: Strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 515-525.
Higgins, E. T., Spiegel, S. (2004). Promotion and prevention strategies for self-regulation. A motivated cognition perspective. W: R. F. Baumeister, K. D. Vohs (red.), Handbook of self- -regulation. Research, theory, and applications (s. 171-187). New York–London: The Guilford Press.
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Idson, L. C., Liberman, N., Higgins, E. T. (2000). Distinguishing gains from nonlosses and losses from nongains: A regulatory focus perspective on hedonic intensity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 252-274.
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Avnet, T., Higgins, E. T. (2006). How regulatory fit affects value in consumer choices and opinions. Journal of Marketing Research, 43, 1-10.
Baumeister, R. F. (2004). Wyczerpywanie się ego i funkcja wykonawcza Ja. W: A. Tesser, R. B. Felson, J. M. Suls (red.), Ja i tożsamość (s. 18-42). Gdańsk: GWP.
Bąk, W. (2002). E. Tory Higginsa teoria rozbieżności ja. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 45, 39-55.
Bąk, W. (2003). Struktura systemu Ja a nasilenie lęku egzystencjalnego. W: P. Francuz, M. Grygielski, W. Otrębski (red.), Studia z psychologii w KUL (t. 11, s. 137-156). Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
Bąk, W. (2005). Emocjonalne korelaty rozbieżności JA – badania inspirowane teorią E. T. Higginsa. Psychologia. Edukacja i Społeczeństwo, 2, 27-39.
Brendl, C. M., Higgins, E. T., Lemm, K. M. (1995). Sensitivity to varying gains and losses: The role of self-discrepancies and event framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1028-1051.
Bruch, M. A., Rivet, K. M., Laurenti, H. J. (2000). Type of self-discrepancy and relationships to components of the tripartite model of emotional distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 37-44.
Buss, K. A., Schumacher, J. R. M., Dolski, I., Kalin, N. H., Goldsmith, H. H., Davidson, R. J. (2003). Right frontal brain activity, cortisol, and withdrawal behavior in 6-month-old infants. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 11-20.
Camacho, C. J., Higgins, E. T., Luger, L. (2003). Moral value transfer from regulatory fit: What feels right is right and what feels wrong is wrong. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 498-510.
Carver, C. S. (2001). Affect and the functional bases of behavior: On the dimensional structure of affective experience. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 345-356.
Carver, C. S. (2004a). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3-22.
Carver, C. S. (2004b). Self-regulation of action and affect. W: R. F. Baumeister, K. D. Vohs (red.), Handbook of self-regulation. Research, theory, and applications (s. 13-39). New York–London: The Guilford Press.
Carver, C. S., Lawrence, J. W., Scheier, M. F. (1999). Self-discrepancies and affect: Incorporating the role of feared selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 783-792.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Carver, C. S., Sutton, S. K., Scheier, M. F. (2000). Action, emotion, and personality: Emerging conceptual integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 741-751.
Cesario, J., Grant, H., Higgins, E. T. (2004). Regulatory fit and persuasion: Transfer from “feeling right”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 388-404.
Corr, P. J., Pickering, A. D., Gray, J. A. (1997). Personality, punishment, and procedural learning: A test of J. A. Gray’s anxiety theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 337-344.
Crowe, E., Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69, 117-132.
Doliński, D., Drogosz, M. (2007). Czy obywatele poszliby głosować przeciw? Regulacyjne nastawienie na promocję vs. prewencję a aktywność wyborcza. Kolokwia Psychologiczne, 16, 103-116.
Doliński, D., Łukaszewski, W. (2000). Typy motywacji. W: J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 2, s. 469-491). Gdańsk: GWP.
Duval, T. S., Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York: Academic Press.
Evans, L. M., Petty, R. E. (2003). Self-guide framing and persuasion: Responsibly increasing message processing to ideal levels. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 313-324.
Eysenck, H. J. (1990). Biological dimentions of personality. W: L. A. Pervin (red.), Handbook of personality. Theory and research (s. 244-276). New York: Guilford Press.
Falkowski, A. (2000). Spostrzeganie jako mechanizm tworzenia doświadczenia za pomocą zmysłów. W: J. Strelau (red.), Psychologia. Podręcznik akademicki (t. 2, s. 25-55). Gdańsk: GWP.
Förster, J., Grant, H., Idson, L. C., Higgins, E. T. (2001). Success/failure feedback, expectancies, and approach/avoidance motivation: How regulatory focus moderates classic relations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 253-260.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Bianco, A. T. (2003). Speed/accuracy decisions in task performance: Built-in trade-off or separate strategic concerns? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90, 148-164.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Idson, L. C. (1998). Approach and avoidance strength during goal attainment: Regulatory focus and the “goal looms larger” effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1115-1131.
Förster, J., Higgins, E. T., Strack, F. (2000). When stereotype disconfirmation is a personal threat: How prejudice and prevention focus moderate incongruency effects. Social Cognition, 18, 178-197.
Freitas, A. L., Higgins, E. T. (2002). Enjoying goal-directed action: The role of regulatory fit. Psychological Science, 13, 1-6.
Freitas, A. L., Liberman, N., Salovey, P., Higgins, E. T. (2002). When to begin? Regulatory focus and initiating goal pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 121-130.
Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E., Schmeichel, B. J. (2007). Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 325-336.
Gramzow, R. H., Sedikides, C., Panter, A. T., Insko, C. A. (2000). Aspects of self-regulation and self-structure as predictors of perceived emotional distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 188-205.
Gray, J. A. (1999a). Trzy podstawowe systemy emocjonalne. W: P. Ekman, R. J. Davidson (red.), Natura emocji. Podstawowe zagadnienia (s. 210-215). Gdańsk: GWP.
Gray, J. A. (1999b). Wymiary osobowości a systemy emocjonalne. W: P. Ekman, R. J. Davidson (red.), Natura emocji. Podstawowe zagadnienia (s. 276-279). Gdańsk: GWP.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
Higgins, E. T. (1989). Continuities and discontinuities in self-regulatory and self-evaluative processes: A developmental theory relating self and affect. Journal of Personality, 57, 407-444.
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300.
Higgins, E. T. (1999). When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second- -generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1313-1317.
Higgins, E. T. (2000). Making a good decision: Value from fit. American Psychologist, 55, 1217-1230.
Higgins, E. T. (2002). How self-regulation creates distinct values: The case of promotion and prevention decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12, 177-191.
Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113, 439-460.
Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 3-23.
Higgins, E. T., Idson, L. C., Freitas, A. L., Spiegel, S., Molden, D. C. (2003). Transfer of value from fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1140-1153.
Higgins, E. T., Roney, C. J. R., Crowe, E., Hymes, C. (1994). Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance: Distinct self-regulatory systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 276-286.
Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: Strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 515-525.
Higgins, E. T., Spiegel, S. (2004). Promotion and prevention strategies for self-regulation. A motivated cognition perspective. W: R. F. Baumeister, K. D. Vohs (red.), Handbook of self- -regulation. Research, theory, and applications (s. 171-187). New York–London: The Guilford Press.
Higgins, E. T., Tykocinski, O. (1992). Self-discrepancies and biographical memory: Personality and cognition at the level of psychological situation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 527-535.
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