A Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS)
Keywords:
wisdom; Polish adaptation; Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale
Abstract
The article outlines the results of academic endeavors to develop a Polish adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS). The results obtained using the Polish version are comparable to those obtained using the original research instrument, which proves that the Polish 3D-WS can be successfully used for research purposes. The Polish adaptation consists of 39 items covering four dimensions: Cognitive, Affective, Self-Awareness, and Empathic. The scale testing procedure involved a research sample consisting of 475 people. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 for the entire scale and oscillated between .64 and .77 for the subscales. Over the course of the study, it turned out that some subscales of the Polish 3D-WS can be influenced by sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education.
References
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Baltes, P. B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2000). Wisdom: A metaheuristic (pragmatic) to orchestrate mind and virtue toward excellence. American Psychologist, 55(1), 122.
Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., & Lindenberger, U. (1999). Lifespan psychology: Theory and application to intellectual functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 471-507.
Bangen, K. J., Meeks, T. W., & Jeste, D. V. (2013). Defining and assessing wisdom: A review of the literature. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(12), 1254-1266.
Bedyńska, S., & Książek, M. (2012). Statystyczny drogowskaz: praktyczny przewodnik wykorzystania modeli regresji oraz równań strukturalnych. Warsaw, PL: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno.
Benedikovicova, J., & Ardelt, M. (2008). The three dimensional wisdom scale in cross-cultural context: A comparison between American and Slovak college students. Studia Psychologica, 50(2), 179-190.
Bergsma, A., & Ardelt, M. (2012). Self-reported wisdom and happiness: An empirical investigation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(3), 481-499.
Birren, J. E., & Svensson, C. M. (2005). Wisdom in history. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Jordan (Eds.), Handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives (pp. 3-31). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brudek, P., & Lenda, J. (2014). Wiedzę możemy zdobywać od innych, ale mądrości musimy nauczyć się sami. Mądrość życiowa osób w okresie wczesnej, średniej i późnej dorosłości. Analiza badań własnych. Paper presented at the All-Poland Thematic Symposium: Personality, Warsaw, PL.
Brudek, P., & Woźny, M. (2014). Czy mężczyźni mądrzeją na starość? Mądrość życiowa mężczyzn w okresie wczesnej, średniej i późnej dorosłości. Analiza badań własnych. Paper presented at the 2nd Sosnowiec Inter-Faculty Meetings: The Faces of Masculinity, Sosnowiec.
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Brugman, G. M. (2006). Wisdom and aging. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
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Cieciuch, J. (2010a). Pięcioczynnikowa struktura osobowości we wczesnej adolescencji. Studia Psychologica, 10, 251-271.
Cieciuch, J. (2010b). Struktura czynnikowa Kwestionariusza Stylów Tożsamości Michaela D. Berzonsky’ego. Ile stylów mierzy ISI3? Psychologia Rozwojowa, 15(4), 49-64.
Clayton, V. P., & Birren, J. E. (1980). The development of wisdom across the life-span: A reexamination of an ancient topic. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim Jr (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (pp. 103-135). New York: Academic Press.
Dittmann-Kohli, F., & Baltes, P. B. (1990). Toward a neofunctionalist conception of adult intellectual development: Wisdom as a prototypical case of intellectual growth. In C. Alexander & E. Langer (Eds.), Higher stages of human development: Perspectives on adult growth (pp. 54-78). New York: Oxford University Press.
Drwal, R. Ł. (1995). Adaptacja kwestionariuszy osobowości. Warsaw, PL: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Erickson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York: W. W Norton.
Falewicz, A. (2014). Mądrość i prężność a strategie radzenia sobie z codziennymi wydarzeniami w średniej i późnej dorosłości (Unpublished master's thesis). Institute of Psychology, KUL, Lublin.
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Goldman, B. A., & Saunders, J. L. (1974). Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures (vol. 1). New York: Behavioral Publications.
Goldman, B. A., & Busch, J. C. (1982). Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures (vol. 3). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Goldman, B. A., & Osborne, W. L. (1985). Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures (vol. 4). New York: Human Sciences Press.
Goldman, B. A., & Mitchell, D. F. (1990). Directory of unpublished experimental mental measures (vol. 5). Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
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Holliday, S. G., & Chandler, M. J. (1986). Wisdom: Explorations in adult competence. Contributions to Human Development. Basel, NY: Karger.
Jakrzewska-Sawińska, A. (Ed.) (2009). Jakość życia w starości – mity i rzeczywistość. Poznań: Wielkopolska Palliative Care Volunteers’ Association “Home Hospice.”
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