Changes in well-being, self-efficacy, and coping strategies during residential treatment of alcohol-addicted patients
Keywords:
therapy; alcohol addiction; changes; well-being; self-efficacy; coping with stress
Abstract
The aim of the study was to answer the question about changes in self-efficacy, coping strategies, and well-being during residential alcohol addiction psychotherapy. Correlations between these changes were also explored. The participants were 60 patients of a specialized alcohol addiction treatment center attending structural-strategic residential group therapy. Self-efficacy, well-being (two indicators: satisfaction with life and depression), and coping strategies (four indicators: problem-focused, emotion-focused, and meaning-focused strategies plus seeking social support) were assessed twice: at admission and then at the end of the treatment, i.e., six weeks later. The tools used for this purpose were, respectively: Schwarzer et al.’s Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Diener et al.’s Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Gruszczyńska’s Coping Questionnaire (KRS). The results of bivariate latent growth curve analysis with bootstrapping show a decrease in depression as well as an increase in strategies focused on problem, on meaning, and on seeking social support. All these changes were positively correlated, which indicates that the intensification of coping is connected with a decrease in depression. Additionally, pretest coping intensity was shown to moderate changes in satisfaction with life, which increased only in the “low copers” group. For the remaining variables, significant interindividual variances were found regarding both the starting points and the rates of change. Thus, results indicate the need for analyzing changes during treatment from two perspectives: in terms of group means and in terms of variance around these means, which capture interindividual variability in the change process.
References
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Grønbæk, M., & Nielsen, B. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of Minnesota day clinic treatment of alcoholics. Addiction, 102(3), 381-388.
Hartzler, B., Witkiewitz, K., Villarroel, N., & Donovan, D. (2011). Self-efficacy change as a mediator of associations between therapeutic bond and one-year outcomes in treatments for alcohol dependence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 269-278.
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Hser, Y., Shen, H., Chou, C.-P., Messer, S., & Anglin, M. D. (2001). Analytic approaches for assessing long-term treatment effects: Examples of empirical applications and findings. Evaluation Review, 25, 233-262.
Humphreys, K., Mankowski, E., Moos, R. H., & Finney, J. W. (1999). Do enhanced friendships networks and active coping mediate the effect of selfhelp groups on substance use? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21(1), 54-60.
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Juczyński, Z. (2001). Narzędzia stosowane w promocji i psychologii zdrowia. Warsaw: PTP.
Kaczmarczyk, J. (2012). Poczucie własnej skuteczności, emocje i strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem a poczucie satysfakcji z życia u osób uzależnionych od alkoholu będących w procesie zdrowienia. Relacje mediacyjne i moderacyjne. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw.
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Lahmek, P., Berlin, I., Michel, L., Berghout, Ch., Meunier, N., & Aubin, H. J. (2009). Determinants of improvement in quality of life of alcohol-dependent patients during an inpatient withdrawal programme. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 6, 160-167.
Laudet, A., & White, M. A. (2008). Recovery capital as prospective predictor of sustained recovery, life satisfaction and stress among former poly-substance users. Substance Use & Misuse, 43(1), 27-54.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Levin, C., Ilgen, M., & Moos, R. H. (2007). Avoidance coping strategies moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and 5-year alcohol treatment outcomes. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(1), 108-113.
Maraun, M. D., Gabriel, S., & Martin, J. (2011). The mythologization of regression towards the mean. Theory & Psychology, 21(6), 762-784.
Markiewicz, M. (2012). Duchowość, strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem, wsparcie społeczne i style atrybucyjne a poczucie satysfakcji z życia u osób uzależnionych od alkoholu będących w procesie zdrowienia. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw.
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Marlatt, G. A., & Gordon, J. (1985). Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors. New York: Guilford Press.
McArdle, J. J. (2009). Latent variable modeling of differences and changes with longitudinal data. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 577-605.
Mellibruda, J. (1997). Strategiczno-strukturalna terapia uzależnienia. Alkoholizm i Narkomania, 3(28), 307-324.
Mellibruda, J., & Sobolewska-Mellibruda, Z. (2006). Integracyjna psychoterapia uzależnień. Teoria i praktyka. Warsaw: IPZ.
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