Victora Turnera analiza symboli rytualnych. Symbol jako kategoria analizy antropologicznej

Grzegorz Wiński

Grzegorz Wiński Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, doktorant

Słowa kluczowe: Victor Turner; antropologia symboliczna; symbol; symbol rytualny; procesualna analiza symboli

Abstrakt

The understanding of the function of symbols both in traditional and post-modern societies is one of the main tasks of contemporary anthropology. It is particularly apparent in the theoretical reflection of Victor Turner, a scholar who together with Clifford Geertz is thought to be the leading representative of symbolical anthropology. The explanation and interpretation of the symbols of religious rituals must in the very beginning emphasize the theoretically meaningful difference between a symbol and a sign. The processual-temporal analysis of symbol assumes that it is a living and active bearer of central values, such that dominate in a culture under investigation.

Bibliografia

Arbuckle G. A.: Theology and Anthropology. Time for Dialogue. „Theological Studies” 31(1986) 428-447.

Auge M.: The Anthropological Circle. Symbol, Function, History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1982.

Beattie J.: Other Cultures. Aims, Methods and Achievements in Social Anthropology, New York: The Free Press of Glencoe 1964.

Buchowski M., Burszta W. J.: Antropologia kognitywna. Charakterystyka orientacji, w: Amerykańska antropologia kognitywna. Poznanie, język, klasyfikacja i kultura, red. M.Buchowski, Warszawa: Instytut Kultury 1993, s.11-22.

Collins M.: Ritual, Symbols and the Ritual Process. The Work of Victor. W.Turner, „Worsip” 50(1976) 336-346.

Deflem M.: Ritual, Anti-Structure, and religion. A Discussion of Victor Turner's Processual Symbolic Analysis, „Jurnal for Scientific Study of Religion” 30(1991) 1-25.

Evans-Pritchard E. E.: Nuer Religion, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1956.

Gay V. P.: Ritual and Self – Esteem in Victor Terner and Heinz Kohut, „Zygon” 18(1983) nr 3, s. 271-281.

Geertz C.: Religion As a Cultural System, w: The Interpretation of Culture, New York: Basic Books Inc 1973, s. 87-125.

Grimes R. L.: Ritual Studies. A Comparative Review of Theodor Gaster and Victor Turner, „Religious Studies Review” 1976, nr 4, s. 13-25.

Hałas E.: Symboliczno-interakcyjna koncepcja znaczenia, „Studia Filozoficzne” 1987, nr 7, s. 87-102.

Jacobson R.: A la recherche de l'essence du langage, „Diogene” 1965, nr51, przekł. pol. W poszukiwaniu istoty języka, tłum. D. Kurkowska-Urbańska, w: W poszukiwaniu istoty języka, t. I, Warszawa PWN 1989, s.115-116.

Jung C. G.: Psychological Types, London: Rotledge and Kegan Paul 1949.

Koczanowicz L.: Koncepcja jaźni w filozofii CH. S. Pierc'a, „Principia”. Pisma koncepcyjne z filozofii i socjologii teoretycznej, 1993, t.7, s.53-74.

Langer S.: Mind. An Essay on Human Feeling, t. I, London: The Hopkins University Press 1975.

Leach E. R.: The Political System of Highland Burma, London: Bell 1954.

Leach E. R.: Culture and Communication, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1976, przekł. pol. Kultura i komunikowanie, tłum. M.Buchowski, A.Grzegorczyk, E.Umińska-Plisenko, w: Leach E.R., Greimas A.J.: Rytuał i narracja, Warszawa: PWN 1989, s.5-98.

Moore R. L.: Ministry, Sacred Space, and Theologian Education. The legacy of Victor Turner, „Theological Education” 1984, nr 1, s.87-100.

Nadel S. F.: Nupe Religion, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1954.

Quantz R. A.: School Ritual As Performance. A Reconstruction of Durkheim's and Turner's Uses of Ritual, „Educational Theory” 49(1999), nr 4, s.493-514.

Pierce Ch. S.: Collected Papers, t. II, Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1960.

Radcliffe-Brown A. R.: Structure and Function in Primitive Society, London: Glencoe 1952.

Saler B.: Liminality for the Laity, „Jurnal for Scientific Study of Religion” 1979, nr 4, s.432-434.

Sapir E.: Symbols, w: Encyclopedia of Social Scientes, t. XIV, New York: Macmillan 1935, s.492-492.

Schechner R.: Victor Turner's last Adventure, „Anthropologica” 1985, nr1-2, s. 191-206.

Segal A. R.: Victor Turner's Theory of Ritual, „Zygon” 18(1983), nr3, s.327-334.

Skorupski J.: Symbol and Theory. A Philosophical Study of Theories of Religion in Social Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1976.

Turner E.: Prologue. From the Ndembu to Brodway, w: Tenże.: On The Edge of the Bush. Anthropology as Expierience, Tucson: University of Arizona Press 1985, s.1-15.

Turner V. W.: The Forest of Symbols. Aspects of Ndembu Ritual, Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1967.

Turner V. W.: The Drums of Affliction. A Study of Religious Processes among the Ndembu of Zambia, Oxford: The Clarendon Press 1968.

Turner V. W.: Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors. Symbolic Action in Human Society, Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1974.

Turner V. W.: Symbols and Social Expierience in Religious Ritual, „Studia Missionalia” 1974, nr 23, s.1-21.

Turner V. W.: Liminal to Liminoid, in Play, Flow, and Ritual. An Essay in Comparative Symbology, „Rice University Studies” 60(1974), nr3, s.53-92.

Turner V. W.: Revelation and Divination in Ndembu Ritual, Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1975.

Turner V. W., Turner E.: Notes on Processual Analysis, w: Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture. Anthropological perspectives, New York: Columbia University Press 1978, s.243-255.

Turner V. W.: Body, Brian, And Culture, „Zygon” 18(1983), nr 3, s.221-245.

Wilson M.: Rituals of Kinship among the Nyakyusa, London: Oxford University Press 1957.