Koncepcja człowieka i społeczeństwa Fryderyka Nietzschego

Abstrakt

The article discusses a philosophical anthropology of F. Nietzsche. The first part of the paper speaks about the basic foundations of his philosophy of man. These foundations are following: epistemological sensualism, methological scientism, ontological materialism and biological vitalism. The second part of the paper gives a general explanation of Nietzsche’s concept of man. He said that a man is "a bridge between animal and superman". A German thinker rejected the traditional dualistic theory of human being, first of all the existence of the immaterial and immortal soul. The man is not a person and a ontic subject but only an animal. This materialistic theory of man is connected with a naturalistic axiology: ethic relativism and immoralism. The third part of paper discusses Nietzsche’s concepts of society and superman. The human society is not a community of persons but only a crowd or a flock. The theory of sociological egalitarism was rejected. A concept of superman can be interpreted in many ways: as axiological as ontological. The last part of paper is an estimation of Nietzsche's philosophical anthropology.