The Cartesianism and Anti-Cartesianism of Locke’s Concept of Personal Identity

Adam Grzeliński

doi:10.18290/rf20682-10

Adam Grzeliński Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-6507

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/rf20682-10

Słowa kluczowe: René Descartes, Kartezjusz, John Locke, tożsamość osobowa, racjonalizm, empiryzm

Abstrakt

Kartezjanizm i antykartezjanizm locke’owskiej koncepcji tożsamości osobowej

Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na zależnościach pomiędzy Locke’owskim i kartezjańskim pojmowaniem tożsamości osobowej. Wbrew częstym odczytaniom, różnica pomiędzy nimi nie daje się sprowadzić do prostego przeciwstawienia substancjalizmu i empiryzmu. Locke nie rezygnuje ze stanowiska substancjalistycznego, jednakże rozgranicza dwie sfery — naturalnego, bazującego na doświadczeniu poznania oraz filozoficznych spekulacji, w których stara się przedstawić racjonalną i zgodną ze swym programem epistemologicznym interpretację dogmatów religijnych. Krytyka Locke’a dotyczy możliwości istnienia rzeczy myślącej jako substancji istniejącej niezależnie od ciała, natomiast rozbudowaniu w stosunku do filozofii kartezjańskiej ulega opis różnicowania się doświadczenia i ludzkiej subiektywności, zaś pojęcie tożsamości osobowej zyskuje eksplikację na czterech uzupełniających się poziomach: psychologicznym, biologicznym, społeczno-prawnym i religijnym.

Biogram autora

Adam Grzeliński, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu

Adam Grzeliński, PhD, Hab, is a full professor at Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, heading the Department of History of Philosophy, Systematic Philosophy and Ethics at the NCU Institute of Philosophy

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