Z problematyki zdolności prawnej i zdolności do czynności prawnych osób fizycznych w rosyjskim prawie cywilnym

Marcin Okulski

Marcin Okulski WZNPiE w Tomaszowie Lubelskim

Słowa kluczowe: osoba fizyczna, zdolność prawna, zdolność do czynności prawnych

Abstrakt

The principles of equality in civil law relations as stated in the article 1, section 1 of the civil law code in Russia and the principality of autonomy of the will of both sides formulated in the article 1, section 2, point 1 the civil law code of the Russian Federation are the bases for civil law subjects to profit from authorization which is vested to them. However, in order to accomplish them efficiently natural person should be equipped with a certain potential, which to great extent depends on the will of a legislator. The potential is described by the terms legal capacity and capacity for legal acts. Any ability is an inborn gift, talent which gives a human being specified powers. The legal capacity should be understood as an innate possibility of a human being to be a subject of law which exludes crediting with normative character. It is groundless to reduce the legal capacity to the category of subject law as well as admitting the possibility of setting limits. Such limits in reality may be applied to only a definite law.

The capacity for legal acts in the view of a legislator, is the ability of a citizen to achieve and carry into effect his civil laws, both creating and executing his duties. Contrary to legal capacity it is restricted depending on eg. the level of physical, psychical and social maturity. The full capacity for legal acts is gained by people who come of age (eighteen years and older) as well as the people who before that age got married or were emancipated at the age of sixteen as a result of getting employed or conducting economic activity. The justified circumstances for limiting the capacity for legal acts of anybody who acquired the full capacity for legal acts is abusing alcohol, taking drugs which leads to financial difficulties of their families. In order to protect the rights of an individual in case of mental disability, the court is entitled to announce the capacity for legal acts of a given person null and void.

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