Wyniki wstępnej walidacji polskiej wersji Skali Tolerancji Niejednoznaczności Wielorakich Typów Bodźców
Keywords:
tolerancja niejednoznaczności; nietolerancja niejednoznaczności; narzędzia pomiaru
Abstract
Opracowanie stanowi prezentację polskiej wersji the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II), opracowanego przez D. L. McLaina, krótkiego, składającego się z 13 stwierdzeń, narzędzia pomiaru mieszczącej się w zakresie od awersji do przyciągania orientacji po-znawczej jednostki wobec bodźców złożonych, nieznanych i nierozwiązywalnych. Celem badania było określenie trafności i rzetelności skali. Wzięło w nim udział 303 studentów pierwszego roku studiów, będących w wieku od 17 do 24 lat, w tym 234 kobiety i 69 mężczyzn. Zdecydowano się na wybór takiej grupy do badań, ponieważ znaczenie tolerancji niejednoznaczności powinno być szczególnie duże w procesie adaptacji jednostki do wymagań sytuacji nowej i złożonej, jaką jest rozpoczęcie studiów. Konfirmacyjna analiza czynnikowa pozwoliła na potwierdzenie zakładanej jednoczynnikowej struktury modelu tolerancji niejednoznaczności. Stwierdzono ponadto umiarkowany pozytywny związek wyników tej skali z wynikami the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale (TAS) Hermana i współpracowników, przeznaczonej do badania tolerancji niejednoznaczności, oraz pozytywny związek z ekstrawersją, otwartością na doświadczenie, sumiennością, afektem pozytywnym i satysfakcją z życia, a także negatywny związek z neurotycznością i afektem negatywnym. Wyniki analiz ukazują, iż polska wersja the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale stanowi rzetelne (α Cronbacha = 0,85) narzędzie pomiaru tolerancji niejednoznaczności.
References
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Arquero, J. L., & McLain, D. (2010). Preliminary validation of the Spanish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II). The Spanish Journal of Psychology,13(1), 476-484.
Bardi, A., Guerra, V. M., & Ramdeny, G. S. D. (2009). Openness and ambiguity intolerance: Their differential relations to well-being in the context of an academic life transition. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 219-223.
Bedyńska, S., & Cypryańska, M. (2013). Statystyczny drogowskaz 1. Praktyczne wprowadzenie do wnioskowania statystycznego [Statistical signpost 1: A practical introduction to statistical inference].Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno.
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Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56 (April 2007), 105-111.
Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30, 29-50.
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 222-236.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 612-622.
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 1(3), 98-101.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of PersonalityAssessment, 49, 71-75.
Emmons, R. A., Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1986). Choice and avoidance of everyday situations and affect congruence: Two models of reciprocal interactionism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 815-826.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1949). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18, 108-143.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1951). Personality theory and perception. In R. Blake & E. Ramsey (Eds.), Perception: An approach to personality (pp. 356-419). New York: Ronald.
Furnham, A. (1994). A content, correlational and factor analytic study of four tolerance of ambiquity questionnaires. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 403-410.
Furnham, A., & Avison, M. (1997). Personality and preference for surreal paintings. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 923-935.
Furnham, A., & Marks, J. (2013). Tolerance of ambiguity: A review of the recent literature. Psychology, 4(9), 717-728.
Geller, G., Tambor, E. S., Chase, G. A., & Holtzman, N. A. (1993). Measuring physicians’ tolerance for ambiguity and its relationship to their reported practices regarding genetic testing. Medical Care, 31(11), 989-1001.
Hearn, S., Saulnier, G., Strayer, J., Glenham, M., Koopman, R., & Marcia, J. E. (2012). Between integrity and despair: toward construct validation of Erikson’s eighth stage. Journal of Adult Development, 19,1- 20.
Herman, J. L., Stevens, M. J., Bird, A., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (2010). The Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale: Towards a more refined measure for international management research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 58-65.
Hornowska, E. (2014). Testy psychologiczne. Teoria i praktyka [Psychological tests: Theory and practice]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Juczyński, Z. (2001). Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia [Measurement instruments in health promotion and psychology]. Warsaw, Poland: Psychological Test Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association.
Judge, T. A., Thorensen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial coping with organization change: A dispositional perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 107-122.
Konarski, R. (2009). Modele równań strukturalnych. Teoria i praktyka [Structural equation models: Theory and practice]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Kossowska, M. (2005). Umysł niezmienny. Poznawcze mechanizmy sztywności [The unchanging mind: Cognitive mechanisms of rigidity]. Cracow, Poland: Jagiellonian University Press.
MacDonald, A. P. (1970). Revised scale for ambiguity tolerance: Reliability and validity. Psychological Reports, 26, 791-798.
McCrae, R. R. (1996). Social consequences of experiential openness. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 323-337.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr (2005). Osobowość dorosłego człowieka [Personality in adulthood]. Cracow, Poland: Wydawnictwo WAM.
McLain, D. L. (1993). The MSTAT-I: A new measure of an individual tolerance for ambiguity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 183-189.
McLain, D. L. (2009). Evidence of the properties of an ambiguity tolerance measure: The Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale – II (MSTAT-II). Psychological Reports, 105, 975-988.
Merrotsy, P. (2013). Tolerance of ambiguity: A trait of creative personality. Creativity Research Journal, 25, 232-237.
Oleś, P. K. (2003). Wprowadzenie do psychologii osobowości [Introduction to the psychology of personality]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Rajagopal, L., & Hamouz, F. L. (2009). Use of food attitudes and behaviors in determination of the personality characteristic of openness: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 254-258.
Rosen, N. O., Ivanova E., & Knӓuper, B. (2014). Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct constructs. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 27(1), 55-73.
Rydell, S. T., & Rosen, E. (1966). Measurement and some correlates of need-cognition. Psychological Reports, 19, 139-165.
Sobol-Kwapińska M. (2007). Żyć chwilą? Koncentracja na teraźniejszości a poczucie szczęścia [To live the moment? Focus on the present and the sense of happiness]. Lublin, Poland: Catholic University of Lublin Press.
Srivastava, S. (2007). Tolerance of ambiguity and locus of control as moderators for work stress among private sector managers. Abhigyan, 25(2), 48-53.
Swami, V., Stieger, S., Pietschnig, J., & Voracek, M. (2010). The disinterested play of thought: Individual differences and preference for surrealist motion pictures. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 855-859.
Szymczak, W. (2015). Pojęcie wielkości efektu na tle teorii Neymana-Pearsona testowania hipotez statystycznych [The concept of effect size in the light of the Neyman–Pearson theory of testing statistical hypotheses]. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Psychologica, 19, 5-41.
Teoh, H. Y., & Foo, S. L. (1997). Moderating effects of tolerance for ambiguity and risk-taking propensity on the role conflict–perceived performance relationship: Evidence from Singaporean entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 67-81.
Tokuyoshi, Y., Suzuki, D., & Iwasaki, S. (2010). The relationship between MSTAT-II and attention functions. The preliminary validation of the Japanese version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II). Symposium: Attention and Cognition, Tohoku University, September 18th, 2010.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy, 54, 1063-1070.
Wolfradt, U., Oubaid, V., Straube, E. R., Bischoff, N., & Mischo, J. (1999). Thinking styles, schizotypal traits and anomalous experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 855-859.
Yakhnich, L., & Ben-Zur, H. (2008). Personal resources, appraisal, and coping in the adaptation process of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 152-162.
Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P., & Śliwińska, M. (1998). Inwentarz Osobowości NEO- -FFI Costy i McCrae. Adaptacja polska. Podręcznik. [The NEO-FFI personality inventory by Costa and McCrae: Polish adaptation. A manual] Warsaw, Poland: Psychological Test Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association.
Zenasni, F., Besancon, M., & Lubart, T. (2008). Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity: An empirical study. Journal of Creativity Behavior, 42, 61-73.
Arquero, J. L., & McLain, D. (2010). Preliminary validation of the Spanish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II). The Spanish Journal of Psychology,13(1), 476-484.
Bardi, A., Guerra, V. M., & Ramdeny, G. S. D. (2009). Openness and ambiguity intolerance: Their differential relations to well-being in the context of an academic life transition. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 219-223.
Bedyńska, S., & Cypryańska, M. (2013). Statystyczny drogowskaz 1. Praktyczne wprowadzenie do wnioskowania statystycznego [Statistical signpost 1: A practical introduction to statistical inference].Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno.
Bedyńska, S., & Książek, M. (2012). Statystyczny drogowskaz 1. Praktyczny przewodnik wykorzystania modeli regresji oraz równań strukturalnych [Statistical signpost 1: A practical guide to the use of regression models and structural equations]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Akademickie Sedno.
Bors, D. A., Gruman, J. A., & Shukla, S. (2010). Measuring tolerance of ambiguity: Item polarity, dimensionality, and criterion validity. Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 60, 239-245.
Boss, P. (2007). Ambiguous loss theory: Challenges for scholars and practitioners. Family Relations, 56 (April 2007), 105-111.
Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30, 29-50.
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 222-236.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 612-622.
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 1(3), 98-101.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of PersonalityAssessment, 49, 71-75.
Emmons, R. A., Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1986). Choice and avoidance of everyday situations and affect congruence: Two models of reciprocal interactionism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 815-826.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1949). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18, 108-143.
Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (1951). Personality theory and perception. In R. Blake & E. Ramsey (Eds.), Perception: An approach to personality (pp. 356-419). New York: Ronald.
Furnham, A. (1994). A content, correlational and factor analytic study of four tolerance of ambiquity questionnaires. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 403-410.
Furnham, A., & Avison, M. (1997). Personality and preference for surreal paintings. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 923-935.
Furnham, A., & Marks, J. (2013). Tolerance of ambiguity: A review of the recent literature. Psychology, 4(9), 717-728.
Geller, G., Tambor, E. S., Chase, G. A., & Holtzman, N. A. (1993). Measuring physicians’ tolerance for ambiguity and its relationship to their reported practices regarding genetic testing. Medical Care, 31(11), 989-1001.
Hearn, S., Saulnier, G., Strayer, J., Glenham, M., Koopman, R., & Marcia, J. E. (2012). Between integrity and despair: toward construct validation of Erikson’s eighth stage. Journal of Adult Development, 19,1- 20.
Herman, J. L., Stevens, M. J., Bird, A., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (2010). The Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale: Towards a more refined measure for international management research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 58-65.
Hornowska, E. (2014). Testy psychologiczne. Teoria i praktyka [Psychological tests: Theory and practice]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Juczyński, Z. (2001). Narzędzia pomiaru w promocji i psychologii zdrowia [Measurement instruments in health promotion and psychology]. Warsaw, Poland: Psychological Test Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association.
Judge, T. A., Thorensen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial coping with organization change: A dispositional perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 107-122.
Konarski, R. (2009). Modele równań strukturalnych. Teoria i praktyka [Structural equation models: Theory and practice]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Kossowska, M. (2005). Umysł niezmienny. Poznawcze mechanizmy sztywności [The unchanging mind: Cognitive mechanisms of rigidity]. Cracow, Poland: Jagiellonian University Press.
MacDonald, A. P. (1970). Revised scale for ambiguity tolerance: Reliability and validity. Psychological Reports, 26, 791-798.
McCrae, R. R. (1996). Social consequences of experiential openness. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 323-337.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr (2005). Osobowość dorosłego człowieka [Personality in adulthood]. Cracow, Poland: Wydawnictwo WAM.
McLain, D. L. (1993). The MSTAT-I: A new measure of an individual tolerance for ambiguity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 183-189.
McLain, D. L. (2009). Evidence of the properties of an ambiguity tolerance measure: The Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale – II (MSTAT-II). Psychological Reports, 105, 975-988.
Merrotsy, P. (2013). Tolerance of ambiguity: A trait of creative personality. Creativity Research Journal, 25, 232-237.
Oleś, P. K. (2003). Wprowadzenie do psychologii osobowości [Introduction to the psychology of personality]. Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Rajagopal, L., & Hamouz, F. L. (2009). Use of food attitudes and behaviors in determination of the personality characteristic of openness: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 254-258.
Rosen, N. O., Ivanova E., & Knӓuper, B. (2014). Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct constructs. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 27(1), 55-73.
Rydell, S. T., & Rosen, E. (1966). Measurement and some correlates of need-cognition. Psychological Reports, 19, 139-165.
Sobol-Kwapińska M. (2007). Żyć chwilą? Koncentracja na teraźniejszości a poczucie szczęścia [To live the moment? Focus on the present and the sense of happiness]. Lublin, Poland: Catholic University of Lublin Press.
Srivastava, S. (2007). Tolerance of ambiguity and locus of control as moderators for work stress among private sector managers. Abhigyan, 25(2), 48-53.
Swami, V., Stieger, S., Pietschnig, J., & Voracek, M. (2010). The disinterested play of thought: Individual differences and preference for surrealist motion pictures. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 855-859.
Szymczak, W. (2015). Pojęcie wielkości efektu na tle teorii Neymana-Pearsona testowania hipotez statystycznych [The concept of effect size in the light of the Neyman–Pearson theory of testing statistical hypotheses]. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Psychologica, 19, 5-41.
Teoh, H. Y., & Foo, S. L. (1997). Moderating effects of tolerance for ambiguity and risk-taking propensity on the role conflict–perceived performance relationship: Evidence from Singaporean entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 67-81.
Tokuyoshi, Y., Suzuki, D., & Iwasaki, S. (2010). The relationship between MSTAT-II and attention functions. The preliminary validation of the Japanese version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II). Symposium: Attention and Cognition, Tohoku University, September 18th, 2010.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy, 54, 1063-1070.
Wolfradt, U., Oubaid, V., Straube, E. R., Bischoff, N., & Mischo, J. (1999). Thinking styles, schizotypal traits and anomalous experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 855-859.
Yakhnich, L., & Ben-Zur, H. (2008). Personal resources, appraisal, and coping in the adaptation process of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 152-162.
Zawadzki, B., Strelau, J., Szczepaniak, P., & Śliwińska, M. (1998). Inwentarz Osobowości NEO- -FFI Costy i McCrae. Adaptacja polska. Podręcznik. [The NEO-FFI personality inventory by Costa and McCrae: Polish adaptation. A manual] Warsaw, Poland: Psychological Test Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association.
Zenasni, F., Besancon, M., & Lubart, T. (2008). Creativity and tolerance of ambiguity: An empirical study. Journal of Creativity Behavior, 42, 61-73.
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