What is physical attractiveness? A discussion of definitions and paradigms
Keywords:
physical attractiveness; sexual attractiveness; appearance
Abstract
The article raises the issue of physical attractiveness both in terms of its definition and as a theoretical construct, which forms the basis for planning empirical research. Based on a review of existing definitions and a predictive analysis of the meaning of terms, a definition of physical attractiveness as one of the types of human attractiveness is proposed. The criteria differentiating physical attractiveness from the related concept of sexual attractiveness are presented. Physical attractiveness is discussed as an object of operationalization in the process of designing research on the assessment or self-assessment of the appearance and characteristics of the human body, including a distinction between its two approaches: holistic (a set of a characteristics whose evaluations are interrelated) and elementary (one characteristic whose evaluations impact the assessment of overall physical attractiveness).
References
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Hodges-Simeon, C. R., Gaulin, S. J., & Puts, D. A. (2010). Different vocal parameters predict perceptions of dominance and attractiveness. Human Nature, 21(4), 406-427. doi: 10.1007/ s12110-010-9101-5
Hönekopp, J. (2006). Once more: Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Relative contributions of private and shared taste to judgments of facial attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32(2), 199-209. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.199
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Korichi, R., Pelle-de-Queral, D., Gazano, G., & Aubert, A. (2011). Relation between facial morphology, personality and the functions of facial make-up in women. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 33, 338-345. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00632.x
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Langlois, J. H., & Roggman, L. A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1(2), March, 115-121. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00079.x
Langmeyer, L., & Shank, M. D. (1995). Body and soul: Beyond physical attractiveness – Implications for consumer behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 22, 746-752.
Larson, C. M., Haselton, M. G., Gildersleeve, K. A., & Pillsworth, E. G. (2013). Changes in women’s feelings about their romantic relationships across the ovulatory cycle. Hormones & Behavior, 63(1), 128-135. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.10.005
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Lew-Starowicz, Z. (1999). Słownik encyklopedyczny. Miłość i seks. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Europa.
Li, N. P., & Meltzer, A. L. (2015). The validity of sex-differentiated mate preferences: Reconciling the seemingly conflicting evidence. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 9(2), 89-106. doi: 10.1037/ebs0000036
Lipowska, M., & Lipowski, M. (2012). Narcyzm jako moderator zadowolenia z własnego wyglądu wśród kobiet ze skrajną niedowagą i otyłością. Paper presented at the conference “The human body. Formerly and today.” Oct 25-26, 2012, Gdańsk.
Lipowska, M., & Lipowski, M. (2013). Polish normalization of the Body Esteem Scale. Health Psychology Report, 1, 72-81. doi: 10.5114/hpr.2013.40471
Little, A. C., Penton-Voak, I. S., Burt, D. M., & Perrett, D. I. (2003). Investigating an imprinting- -like phenomenon in humans: Partners and opposite-sex parents have similar hair and eye colour. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24(1), 43-51. doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(02)00119-8
Mehrabian, A., & Blum, J. S. (1997). Physical appearance, attractiveness, and the mediating role of emotions. Current Psychology, 16(1), 20-42. doi: 10.1007/s12144-997-1013-0
Mesko, N., & Bereczkei, T. (2004). Hairstyle as an adaptive means of displaying phenotypic quality. Human Nature, 15(3), 251-270. doi: 10.1007/s12110-004-1008-6
Meston, C. M., & Buss, D. M. (2010). Dlaczego kobiety uprawiają seks (A. Nowak, Trans.). Sopot: Wydawnictwo Smak Słowa.
Mueser, K. T., Grau, B. W., Sussman, S., & Rosen, A. J. (1984). You’re only as pretty as you feel: Facial expression as a determinant of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 469-478. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.2.469
Mulhern, R., Fieldman, G., Hussey, T., Le, J.-L., & Pineau, P. (2003). Do cosmetics enhance female Caucasian facial attractiveness? International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25, 199-205. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2003.00188.x
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