Struktura czynnikowa polskiej adaptacji Skali Pocieszenia i Napięcia Religijnego
Abstract
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja podstaw teoretycznych oraz struktury wewnętrznej polskiej adaptacji Skali Pocieszenia i Napięcia Religijnego (Religious Comfort and Strain Scale – RCSS) autorstwa Yali, Exline, Wood i Worthington. Opierając się na wynikach eksploracyjnych analizy czynnikowej ustalono, że polska wersja RCSS ma strukturę czteroczynnikową: składa się z jednowymiarowej podskali Pocieszenie religijne oraz trzech podskal napięcia religijnego: (1) Negatywne emocje wobec Boga, (2) Lęk-Wina i (3) Negatywne interakcje społeczne związane z religią. Choć wskazane są dalsze prace adaptacyjne nad RCSS analiza własności psychometrycznych metody ujawniła, że może ona stanowić cenne narzędzie w badaniach nad funkcjonalnymi aspektami religijności.
References
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Nielsen, M. E. (1998). An assessment of religious conflicts and their resolutions. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 181-190.
Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519-543.
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Park, C. L. (2005). Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 1540-4560.
Rook, K. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
Ryan, R., Rigby, S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 586-589.
Saraglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 15-25.
Schumacher, J., Wilz, G., Gunzelmann, T., & Brähler, E. (2000). The Antonovsky‘s Sense of Coherence Scale. Test statistical evaluation of a representative population sample and construction of a brief scale. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 50(12), 472-482.
Schuster, T., Kessler, R., & Aseltine, R. (1990). Supportive interactions, negative interactions, and depressed mood. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 423-438.
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107-120.
Streib, H., Hood, R. W., Keller, B., Csöff, R.-M., & Silver, C. F. (2009). Deconversion: Qualitative and quantitative results from cross-cultural research in Germany and the United States of America. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Tagay, S., Erim, Y., Brähler, E., & Senf, W. (2006). Religiosity and SOC – protective factors of mental health and well-being? Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 15, 165-171.
Virkler, H. A. (1999). Allaying fears about the unpardonable sin. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 18, 254-269.
Watson, P., Morris, R., & Hood, R. (1994). Religion and rationality: I. Rational-emotive and religious understandings of perfectionism and other irrationalities. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 13, 356-372.
Zwingmann, C. (1991). Religiosität und Lebenszufriedenheit: Empirische Untersuchungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der religiösen Orientierung [Religiosity and satisfaction with life: Empirical studies considering religious orientation]. Regensburg: S. Roderer.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432-443.
Benson, P. L., & Spilka, B. (1973). God image as a function of self-esteem and locus of control. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 13, 297-310.
Bergin, A., Masters, K., & Richards, P. (1987). Religiousness and mental health reconsidered: A study of an Intrinsically Religious Sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 197-204.
Coe, J. H. (2000). Musings on the dark night of the soul: Insights from St. John of the Cross on a developmental spirituality. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28, 293-307.
Drwal, R. Ł. (1995). Adaptacja kwestionariuszy osobowości. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Elliott, M., & Hayward, R. D. (2007). Religion and the search for meaning in life. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 53, 80-93.
Ellison, C. (1991). Religious involvement and subjective well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32(1), 80-99.
Exline, J. J. (2002). Stumbling blocks on the religious road: Fractured relationships, nagging vices, and the inner struggle to believe. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 182-189.
Exline, J. J., & Rose, E. (2005). Religious and spiritual struggles. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion (pp. 315-330). New York: Guilford.
Exline, J. J., Yali, A. M., & Sanderson, W. C. (2000). Guilt, discord, and alienation: The role of religious strain in depression and suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 1481-1496.
Fitchett, G., Rybarczyk, B. D., DeMarco, G. A., & Nicholas, J. J. (1999). The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 44, 1-22.
Hambleton, R. K. (2001). The next generation of the ITC test translation and adaptation guidelines. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 17(3), 164-172.
Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004) Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7, 191-205.
Hunsberger, B., McKenzie, B., Pratt, M., & Prancer, S. M. (1993). Religious doubt: A social psychological analysis. Research in the Scientific Study of Religion, 5, 27-51.
Hunsberger, B., Pratt, M., & Prancer, S. M. (2002). A longitudinal study of religious doubts in high school and beyond: Relationships, stability, and searching for answers. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 255-266.
Idler, E. L., Musick, M. A., Ellison, C. G., George, L. K., Krause, N., Ory, M. G., Pargament, K. I., Powell, L. H., Underwood, L. G., & Williams, D. R. (2003). Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 general social survey. Research on Aging, 25, 327-365.
Jonas, E., & Fischer, P. (2006). Terror management and religion: Evidence that intrinsic religiousness mitigates worldview defense following mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 553-567.
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2004). Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Koenig, H. G. (1997). Is religion good for your health? The effects of religion on physical and mental health. New York: Haworth Press.
Koenig, H. G., Kvale, J., & Ferrel, C. (1988). Religion and well-being in later life. Gerontologist, 28, 18-28.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Kooistra, W., & Pargament, K. I. (1999). Religious doubting in parochial school adolescents. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27, 33-42.
Krause, N., Chatters, L. M., Meltzer, T., & Morgan, D. L. (2000). Negative interaction in the church: Insights from focus groups with older adults. Review of Religious Research, 41, 510-533.
Krause, N., Ellison, C. G., & Wulff, K. M. (1998). Church-based support, negative interaction and psychological well-being: Findings from a national sample of Presbyterians. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 725-741.
Krause, N., Ingersoll-Dayton, B., Ellison, C. G., & Wulff, K. M. (1999). Aging, religious doubt, and psychological well-being. The Gerontologist, 39, 525-533.
Manne, S. L., Taylor, K. L., Dougherty, J., & Kemeny, N. (1997). Supportive and negative responses in the partner relationship: Their association with psychological adjustment among individuals with cancer. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 101-125.
Mueller, P., Plevak, D., & Rummans, T. (2001). Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Mayo Clinic, 76(12), 1225-1235.
Nielsen, M. E. (1998). An assessment of religious conflicts and their resolutions. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 181-190.
Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: Development and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 519-543.
Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakershwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2001). Religious struggle as a predictor of mortality among medically ill elderly patients. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161, 1881-1885.
Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, N., Magyar, G. M., & Ano, G. G. (2004). Spiritual struggle: A phenomenon of interest to psychology and religion. In W. R. Miller & H. Delaney (Eds.), Judeo-Christian perspectives on psychology: Human nature, motivation, and change (pp. 245-268). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Pargament, K. I., Zinnbauer, B. J., Scott, A. B., Butter, E. M., Zerowin, J., & Stanik, P. (1998). Red flags and religious coping: Identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 77-89.
Park, C. L. (2005). Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 1540-4560.
Rook, K. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1097-1108.
Ryan, R., Rigby, S., & King, K. (1993). Two types of religious internalization and their relations to religious orientation and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 586-589.
Saraglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 15-25.
Schumacher, J., Wilz, G., Gunzelmann, T., & Brähler, E. (2000). The Antonovsky‘s Sense of Coherence Scale. Test statistical evaluation of a representative population sample and construction of a brief scale. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 50(12), 472-482.
Schuster, T., Kessler, R., & Aseltine, R. (1990). Supportive interactions, negative interactions, and depressed mood. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 423-438.
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107-120.
Streib, H., Hood, R. W., Keller, B., Csöff, R.-M., & Silver, C. F. (2009). Deconversion: Qualitative and quantitative results from cross-cultural research in Germany and the United States of America. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
Tagay, S., Erim, Y., Brähler, E., & Senf, W. (2006). Religiosity and SOC – protective factors of mental health and well-being? Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 15, 165-171.
Virkler, H. A. (1999). Allaying fears about the unpardonable sin. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 18, 254-269.
Watson, P., Morris, R., & Hood, R. (1994). Religion and rationality: I. Rational-emotive and religious understandings of perfectionism and other irrationalities. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 13, 356-372.
Zwingmann, C. (1991). Religiosität und Lebenszufriedenheit: Empirische Untersuchungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der religiösen Orientierung [Religiosity and satisfaction with life: Empirical studies considering religious orientation]. Regensburg: S. Roderer.
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