Smoking and personality traits – literature review
Keywords:
smoking dependence; personality
Abstract
This paper revievs research findings about the role of individual differences in smoking addiction. Data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are presented. Smoking addiction is related to Eysenck's basic personality dimensions and to subdimensions of basic characteristics of personality. However, some research findings do not confirm this link, especially, the relationship between neuroticism and smoking is rather weak. One of possible explanations is that the group of smokers is heterogeneous with regard to personality dimensions and demographic variables. Thus, it is possible to distinguish different types of smokers. Future research into individual causes of smoking must take into account associations with demographic and social factors to understand smoking as a complex human behaviour.
References
Allan, L. M., Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Tonin, J., Taylor, E., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P. (1995). Effects of tobacco smoking, schizotypy and number of pre-expousures on latent inhibition in healthy subjects. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 893-902.
Arai, Y., Hosokawa, T., Fukao, A., Izumi, Y., Hisamichi, S. (1997). Smoking behaviour and personality: A population-based study in Japan. Addiction, 92, 1023-1033.
Aranowska, E. (1996). Metodologiczne problemy zastosowań modeli statystycznych w psychologii: teoria i praktyka. Warszawa: Studio 1.
Becoña, E., Vázquez, F., L., Fuentes, M. J. (1999). Anxiety, affect, depression and cigarette consumption. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 113-119.
Breslau, N., Kilbey, M. M., Andreski, P. (1991). Nicotine dependence, major depression and anxiety in young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1069-1074.
Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Czeisler, L. J., Shapiro, J., Cohen, P. (1997). Cigarette smoking in young adults: Childhood and adolescent personality, familial, and peer antecedents. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 158, 172-188.
Brzeziński, J., Stachowski, R. (19842). Zastosowanie analizy wariancji w eksperymentalnych badaniach psychologicznych. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Buss, A., Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Byrne, D. G., Byrne, A. E., Reinhart, M. I. (1995). Personality, stress and the decision to commence cigarette smoking in adolescence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39, 53-62.
Canals, J., Bladé, J., Doménech, E. (1997). Smoking and personality predictors among young Spanish people. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 905-908.
Canals, J., Doménech, E., Bladé, J. (1996). Smoking and trait anxiety. Psychological Reports, 79, 809-810.
Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573-588.
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653-665.
Doty, R. L., Smith, R., McKeown, D. A., Raj, J. (1994). Tests of human olfactory function: Principal components analysis suggests that most measure a common source of variance. Perception and Psychophysics, 56, 701-707.
Eysenck, H. J. (1988). Personality, stress and cancer: Prediction and prophylaxis. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 61, 57-75.
Foulds, J., Toone, B. (1995). A case of nicotine psychosis? Addiction, 90, 435-437.
Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Martin, L. R., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D. L., Criqui, M. H. (1995). Childhood conscientiousness and longevity: Health behaviors and cause of death. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 696-703.
Gilbert, D. G. (1995). Smoking: Individual differences, psychopathology, and emotion. London: Taylor & Francis.
Greenhoff, J., Svensson, T. H. (1989). Pharmacology of nicotine. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 477-492.
Jorm, A. F., Rodgers, B., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Henderson, S., Korten, A. E. (1999). Smoking and mental health: Results from a community survey. Medical Journal of Australia, 18, 74-77.
Kaiser, J., Gruzelier, J. H. (1999). Timing of puberty and syndromes of schizotipy: A replication. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 34, 237-247.
Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., MacLean, C. J., Hearn, A. C., Eaves, L. J., Kessler, R. C. (1993). Smoking and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 36-43.
Killen, D., Robinson, T. N., Haydel, K. F., Hayward, C., Wilson, D. M., Hammer, L. D., Litt, I. F., Taylor, C. B. (1997). Prospective study of risk factors for the intitiation of cigarette smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1011-1016.
Larrison, A. L., Briand, K. A., Sereno, A. B. (1999). Nicotine, caffeine, alcohol and schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 101-108.
Mâsse, L. C., Tremblay, R. E. (1997). Behavior of boys in kindergarten and the onset of substance use during adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 62-68.
Mayhew, K. P., Flay, B. R., Mott, J. A. (2000). Stages in the development of adolescent smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 59, Suppl. 1, S61-S81.
Papakyriazi, E., Joseph, S. (1998). Individual differences in personality among smokers and their association with smoking motivation, social skills deficit, and self-efficacy to quit. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 621-626.
Patton, D., Barnes, G. E., Murray, R. P. (1997). A personality typology of smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 269-273.
Pederson, L. L., Koval, J. J., ÓConnor, K. (1997). Are psychosocial factors related to smoking in grade-6 students? Addictive Behaviors, 22, 169-181.
Pomerlau, O. F., Pomerlau, C. S. (1984). Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: Toward a biobehavioral explanation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 503-513.
Smith, G. M. (1970). Personality and smoking: A review of empirical literature. W: W. A. Hunt (red.), Learning mechanisms in smoking (s. 42-61). Chicago: Aldine.
Steinberg, L., Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 83-110.
Strelau, J. (1998). Psychologia temperamentu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Stroebe, W. S., Stroebe, M. S. (1995). Social psychology and health. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Stronks, K., Mheen van de, H. D., Looman, C. W., Mackenbach, J. P. (1997). Cultural, material, and psychosocial correlates of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking behavior among adults. Preventive Medicine, 26, 754-766.
Takemura, Y., Akanuma, M., Kikuchi, S., Inaba, Y. (1999). Cross-sectional study on the relationship between smoking or smoking cessation and trait anxiety. Preventive Medicine, 29, 496-500.
Thaker, G. K., Ellsberry, R., Moran, M., Lahti, A., Tammiga, C. (1991). Tobacco smoking increases square-wave jerks during smooth pursuit eye movements. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 82-88.
Vollrath, M., Knoch, D., Cassano, L. (1999). Personality, risky health behaviour, and perceived susceptibility to health risks. European Journal of Personality, 13, 39-50.
Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henkel, B., Delfino, R. J. (2001). Smoking and moods in adolescence with depressive and aggressive disposition: Evidence from surveys and electronic diaries. Health Psychology, 20, 99-111.
White, V., Hill, D., Hopper, J. (1996). The outgoing, the rebellious and the anxious: Are adolescent personality dimensions related to the uptake of smoking? Psychology and Health, 12, 73-85.
Whiteman, M. C., Fowkes, F. G. R., Deary, I. J., Lee, A. J. (1997). Hostility, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the general population. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1089-1096.
Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Allan, L. M., Taylor, E., Tonin, J., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P. (1996). Tobacco smoking correlates with schizotypal and borderline personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 267-270.
Arai, Y., Hosokawa, T., Fukao, A., Izumi, Y., Hisamichi, S. (1997). Smoking behaviour and personality: A population-based study in Japan. Addiction, 92, 1023-1033.
Aranowska, E. (1996). Metodologiczne problemy zastosowań modeli statystycznych w psychologii: teoria i praktyka. Warszawa: Studio 1.
Becoña, E., Vázquez, F., L., Fuentes, M. J. (1999). Anxiety, affect, depression and cigarette consumption. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 113-119.
Breslau, N., Kilbey, M. M., Andreski, P. (1991). Nicotine dependence, major depression and anxiety in young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1069-1074.
Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Czeisler, L. J., Shapiro, J., Cohen, P. (1997). Cigarette smoking in young adults: Childhood and adolescent personality, familial, and peer antecedents. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 158, 172-188.
Brzeziński, J., Stachowski, R. (19842). Zastosowanie analizy wariancji w eksperymentalnych badaniach psychologicznych. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Buss, A., Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Byrne, D. G., Byrne, A. E., Reinhart, M. I. (1995). Personality, stress and the decision to commence cigarette smoking in adolescence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39, 53-62.
Canals, J., Bladé, J., Doménech, E. (1997). Smoking and personality predictors among young Spanish people. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 905-908.
Canals, J., Doménech, E., Bladé, J. (1996). Smoking and trait anxiety. Psychological Reports, 79, 809-810.
Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573-588.
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R. (1992). Four ways five factors are basic. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 653-665.
Doty, R. L., Smith, R., McKeown, D. A., Raj, J. (1994). Tests of human olfactory function: Principal components analysis suggests that most measure a common source of variance. Perception and Psychophysics, 56, 701-707.
Eysenck, H. J. (1988). Personality, stress and cancer: Prediction and prophylaxis. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 61, 57-75.
Foulds, J., Toone, B. (1995). A case of nicotine psychosis? Addiction, 90, 435-437.
Friedman, H. S., Tucker, J. S., Schwartz, J. E., Martin, L. R., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D. L., Criqui, M. H. (1995). Childhood conscientiousness and longevity: Health behaviors and cause of death. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 696-703.
Gilbert, D. G. (1995). Smoking: Individual differences, psychopathology, and emotion. London: Taylor & Francis.
Greenhoff, J., Svensson, T. H. (1989). Pharmacology of nicotine. British Journal of Addiction, 84, 477-492.
Jorm, A. F., Rodgers, B., Jacomb, P. A., Christensen, H., Henderson, S., Korten, A. E. (1999). Smoking and mental health: Results from a community survey. Medical Journal of Australia, 18, 74-77.
Kaiser, J., Gruzelier, J. H. (1999). Timing of puberty and syndromes of schizotipy: A replication. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 34, 237-247.
Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., MacLean, C. J., Hearn, A. C., Eaves, L. J., Kessler, R. C. (1993). Smoking and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 36-43.
Killen, D., Robinson, T. N., Haydel, K. F., Hayward, C., Wilson, D. M., Hammer, L. D., Litt, I. F., Taylor, C. B. (1997). Prospective study of risk factors for the intitiation of cigarette smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 1011-1016.
Larrison, A. L., Briand, K. A., Sereno, A. B. (1999). Nicotine, caffeine, alcohol and schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 101-108.
Mâsse, L. C., Tremblay, R. E. (1997). Behavior of boys in kindergarten and the onset of substance use during adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 62-68.
Mayhew, K. P., Flay, B. R., Mott, J. A. (2000). Stages in the development of adolescent smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 59, Suppl. 1, S61-S81.
Papakyriazi, E., Joseph, S. (1998). Individual differences in personality among smokers and their association with smoking motivation, social skills deficit, and self-efficacy to quit. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 621-626.
Patton, D., Barnes, G. E., Murray, R. P. (1997). A personality typology of smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 269-273.
Pederson, L. L., Koval, J. J., ÓConnor, K. (1997). Are psychosocial factors related to smoking in grade-6 students? Addictive Behaviors, 22, 169-181.
Pomerlau, O. F., Pomerlau, C. S. (1984). Neuroregulators and the reinforcement of smoking: Toward a biobehavioral explanation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 8, 503-513.
Smith, G. M. (1970). Personality and smoking: A review of empirical literature. W: W. A. Hunt (red.), Learning mechanisms in smoking (s. 42-61). Chicago: Aldine.
Steinberg, L., Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 83-110.
Strelau, J. (1998). Psychologia temperamentu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Stroebe, W. S., Stroebe, M. S. (1995). Social psychology and health. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Stronks, K., Mheen van de, H. D., Looman, C. W., Mackenbach, J. P. (1997). Cultural, material, and psychosocial correlates of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking behavior among adults. Preventive Medicine, 26, 754-766.
Takemura, Y., Akanuma, M., Kikuchi, S., Inaba, Y. (1999). Cross-sectional study on the relationship between smoking or smoking cessation and trait anxiety. Preventive Medicine, 29, 496-500.
Thaker, G. K., Ellsberry, R., Moran, M., Lahti, A., Tammiga, C. (1991). Tobacco smoking increases square-wave jerks during smooth pursuit eye movements. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 82-88.
Vollrath, M., Knoch, D., Cassano, L. (1999). Personality, risky health behaviour, and perceived susceptibility to health risks. European Journal of Personality, 13, 39-50.
Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henkel, B., Delfino, R. J. (2001). Smoking and moods in adolescence with depressive and aggressive disposition: Evidence from surveys and electronic diaries. Health Psychology, 20, 99-111.
White, V., Hill, D., Hopper, J. (1996). The outgoing, the rebellious and the anxious: Are adolescent personality dimensions related to the uptake of smoking? Psychology and Health, 12, 73-85.
Whiteman, M. C., Fowkes, F. G. R., Deary, I. J., Lee, A. J. (1997). Hostility, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the general population. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1089-1096.
Williams, J. H., Wellman, N. A., Allan, L. M., Taylor, E., Tonin, J., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P. (1996). Tobacco smoking correlates with schizotypal and borderline personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 267-270.
Published
2019-03-26
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2004 Roczniki Psychologiczne
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
