Religious Experience of the Beauty in Adolescents (Developmental Research of the People Aged 12-24)
Abstract
The paper seeks to answer the following questions: 1) what are the forms under which the phenomena of the religious experience of beauty occur? 2) what are the differences here as regards age and sex? The paper is a continuation of research on religiosity (Wales 1997; 1998). In view of its theoretical foundations a definition of the religious phenomenon of the experience of beauty, its conditions, context factors, existential and purely aesthetic aspects, beauty in human life and others.
Forty people from each group have been examined: aged 12, 15, 18 and 24 (with equal sex groups). In order to gather data a standardized explorational interview has been used with a question about religious biography and 18 particular questions. The identified phenomena of the religious experience of beauty has been categorized according to the contents and parameters of religiosity. Thus established distributions of numbers have been presented in table one. Now, the differences in view of age and sex of the people under study have been shown in table two. The biggest scores have gained people aged 18, and as regards sex - women.
The paper has also discussed some issues of the religious experience of beauty in distress, the effects this experience of beauty has (mainly for religiosity and for the further course of life), the problem of spiritual ugliness as a passive and active negation of religious beauty (its consequences in life) and other.
References
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Berthier A. (1999). Mysterieuse écriture. Études, 390, 69-77.
Bobryk J. (1997). Types of mental representation. Psychology of Language and Communication, 1, 19-27.
Bolewski J., SJ (1998). Odmiany śmierci. Życie duchowe, 16(5), 61-79.
Causse J.-D. (1999). Évangile, transmission et signifiant. Études Théologiques et Religieuses, 74, 379-393.
Cienciala A. M. (1999). On interpreting „East European” history. The Sarmatian Review, 19, 596-606.
Cortina J. M., DeShon R. P. (1998). Determining relative importance of predictors with the observational design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 798-804.
Coss R. G., Schowengerdt B. T. (1998). Evolution of the modern human face: aesthetic and attributive judgments of a female profile warped along a continuum of paedomorphic to late archaic craniofacial structure. Ecological Psychology, 10, 1-24.
Crocer J. (1998). Social stigma and self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 89-107.
Demoustier A., SJ (1999). Magia i sakrament. Przegląd Powszechny, 116, 61-68.
Diong S.-M., Bishop G. D. (1999). Anger expression, coping styles, and well-being. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 81-96.
Dreyer E. A. (1998). Narratives of the spirit: a medieval resource. Studies in Spirituality, 8, 97-140.
Duveen G. (1998). The psychosocial production of ideas: social representations and psychologic. Culture & Psychology, 4, 455-472.
Edwards R. (1998). The effects of gender, gender role, and values on the interpretation of messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 17, 52-71.
Elleven R. K., Kern C. W., Moore K. C. (1998). Residence halls and cults: fact or fiction? Cultic Studies Journal, 15, 68-76.
Frändberg T. (1999). Experiences of applying general living systems theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16, 81-100.
Füllenbach E. H. (1999). Die Heiligsprechung Edith Steins – Hemmnis im christlich – jüdischen Dialog? Freiburger Rundbrief, 6, 3-20.
Galewicz W. (1998). Leontion i trupy. O Platońskiej etyce godności. Kwartalnik Filozoficzny, 26 (2), 47-69.
Gatti V. (1998). Liturgia e arte. I luoghi della celebrazione. Arte Cristiana, 86, 49-56.
Gerl-Falkovitz H.-B. (1999). Romano Guardini und die Kulturkritik Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Katholische Bildung, 100, 17-26.
Gos M. (1997). Dyskurs estetyczny a dyskurs matematyczny – problem współzależności. Sztuka i Filozofia, 14, 92-100.
Grabska S. (1999). Ta wiosna dopiero nadejdzie. Znak, 51, 89-102.
Guérin P. (1999). Pour une prédication intelligente. Croire et Comprendre, 62, 23-24.
Guttman D. (1998). On wit and humor in logotherapy. Logotherapy. Existential Analysis, 6, 9-22
Harding M. D. (1999). Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus: The secret doctrine in a Western mode. The Journal of Religion and Psychical Research, 22, 16-21.
Hegarty B. (1999). Inspiration and institution. Doctrine and Life, 49, 34-42.
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Hernas A. (1998). O nadziei. Logos i Ethos, 1(6), 57-89.
Hetherington E. M., Bridges M., Insabella G. M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children's adjustment. American Psychologist, 53, 167-184.
Hodgson R., Jr. (1999). Not by words alone. Listening: Journal of Religion and Culture, 34, 101-116.
Hopkins B. C. (1998). The structure, basic contents, and dynamics of the unconscious in analytical (Jungan) psychology and Husserlian phenomenology: Part II. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 29, 1-49.
Howe M. L., Courage M. L. (1997). The emergence and early development of autobiographical memory. Psychological Review, 104, 499-523.
Hutsebaut D. (1999). Als volwassene omgaan met geloof. Een keuzeproces en geen vanzelfsprekendheid meer. Collationes. Vlaams Tijdschrift voor Theologie en Pastoraal, 29, 407-424.
Jala D. (1999). Sacred art. In worship and mission. Mission Today. A New Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research, 1, 334-336.
Jaroszyński P. (1986). Metafizyka piękna. Lublin: RW KUL.
Johnston L., Locke V., Giles L., Rattary K. (1997). The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 725-741.
Jones D. R., Ripley J. S., Kurusu T. A., Worthington E. L., Jr. (1998). Influential saurces in the integration of psychology and theology: a decade summary. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 17, 43-54.
Josephs I. E. (1998). Do you know Ragnar Rommetveit? On dialogue and silence, poetry and pedantry, and celverness and wisdom in psychology. (An interview with Ragnar Rommetveit). Culture and Psychology, 4, 189-212.
Kante B. (1998). Is Metaphor really a demonstrative? Philosophy of Psychology, Aesthetics, 20, 175-189.
Kempska M. (1998). Fenomen rozpaczy. Gestalt, 4, 35; 5, 30-32.
Korossy K. (1999). Qualitativ-strukturelle Wissensmodelierung in der elementaren Teilbarkeitslehre. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 46, 28-52.
Kowner R. (1998). Effects of social deviance labels on judgements of facial attractiveness: a comparison of labelling procedures using Japanese raters. International Journal of Psychology, 33, 1-16.
Kulczycki M. (1998). Rozważania wokół zagadnień psychologicznego poradnictwa życiowego. Prace Psychologiczne, 49, 13-93.
Ladd K. L., McIntosh D. N., Spilka B. (1998). Children's God concepts: influences of denomination, age, and gender. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 8, 49-56.
Lebon J. (1999). Célebrer les dimanches. Créativité et fidélité. Celebrer. Le Magazine de la Liturgie et des Sacraments, 286, 25-42.
Lefringhausen K. (1999). Wohlfahrt statt Wohlstand. Wie die Religionen ihre Weltverantwortung gemeinsam wahrnehmen können. Ewangelische Kommentare, 32, 21-23.
Łobocki M. (1998). Janusz Korczak wzorem osobowym altruisty. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio J: Paedagogia – Psychologia, 11, 151-158.
Markus K. A. (1998). Psychological processes and mental states. American Psychologist, 53, 1077-1078.
Matusov E. (1998). When solo activity is not privileged: participation and internalization models of development. Human Development, 41, 326-349.
McKenna F. P., Myers L. B. (1997). Illusory self-assessments: can they be reduced? The British Journal of Psychology, 88, 39-51.
Michalski T. (1998). „Nowy człowiek” na podstawie listu do Kolosan (3,10-15). Studia Włocławskie, 1, 94-104.
Musek J. (1998). Political and religiosus adherence in relation to individual values. Studia Psychologica, 40, 47-60.
Nicolopoulou A., Weintraub J. (1998). Individual and collective representations in social context: a modest contribution to resuming the interrupted project of a sociocultural developmental psychology. Human Development, 41, 215-235.
Nieścior L., OMI (1997). Praktike jako walka ze złymi myślami w nauce Ewagriusza z Pontu. Vox Patrum, 17 (32-33), 177-186.
Oser F. K., Scarlett W. G. (red.) (1991). Religious development in childhood and adolescence. San Francisco: Freeman.
Ossowski S. (1966). U podstaw estetyki. Warszawa: PWN.
Paloutzian R. F., Kilpatrick L. A. (red.) (1995). Religious influences on personal and societal well-being. New York: Plenum.
Pawłów E. (1997). Twórcze strategie radzenia sobie z problemami życiowymi. Psyche, 1, 201-212.
Pietikainen P. (1998). Archetypes as symbolic forms. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 43, 325-343.
Poupard P. (1999). Oecuménisme et culture. Esprit et Vie. Binensuel Catolique de Formation Permanente, 1, 15-17.
Puffal P. (1997). Framing a developmental psychology of art. Human Development, 40, 169-180.
Reijnen A. M. (1999). Paul Tillich et Martin Buber: entente et malentendus. Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses, 74, 77-93.
Robinson D. H., Robinson S. L., Katayama A. D. (1999). When words are represented in memory like pictures: evidence for spatial encoding of study material. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24, 38-54.
Scheffbuch R. (1999). Predigtmeditationen. Für Arbeit und Besinnung, 53, 2-9.
Schneiders S. M. (1998). The study of Christian spirituality. Countours and dynamics of a discipline. Studies in Spirituality, 8, 38-57.
Siebel V., SJ (1999). Ignatus von Loyola – Chef eines blühenden Exporthauses. Entschluss: Jesuiten. Gesellschaft. Spiritualität, 54, 24-25.
Simmons C. (1999). A comparative study of educational and cultural determinants of adolescent values. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 20, 208-218.
Sirat R.-S. (1999). Le message de la Bible hébraique à l'homme d'aujourd'hui. Sens. Juifs et Chrétiens dans le Monde Aujourd'hui, 51, 4-15.
Smith S. (1999). God and the novelists. The Epository Times, 110, 101-107.
Staudinger U. M., Maciel A. G., Smith J., Baltes P. B. (1998). What predicts wisdom – related performans? A first look at personality, intelligence, and facilitative experiential contexts. European Journal of Personality, 12, 1-17.
Switankowsky I. (1998). William Alston and the direct perception of God. Studies in Religion, 27, 27-37.
Śniarowska M. H. (1998). Homo tragicus. Gestalt, 6, 26-30.
Tarnowski A. (1998). The humanistis, the socially oriented and the pragmatists: three world view patterns. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 29, 103-131.
Theron A. L., Jordaan W. J. (1998). The aesthetically oriented person – a form – entity of personality. South African Journal of Psychology, 28, 159-163.
Tokarski S. (1997). Rozwój religijności u osób uczestniczących we wspólnotach neokatechumenalnych. Studia z Psychologii, 8, 78-108.
Trojanowska E. D. (1997). Interpretacje reinterpretacji, czyli w labiryncie znaczeń. Sztuka i Filozofia, 13, 169-174.
Turiel E., Wainryb C. (1998). Concepts of freedoms and rights in a traditional, hierarchically organized society. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16, 375-395.
Walesa Cz. (1994). Doświadczenia religijne młodzieży. W: T. Ożóg (red.), Nauki społeczne o młodzieży. Lublin: „Norbertinum”, s. 107-138.
Walesa Cz. (1997). Psychologiczna analiza zmian w rozwoju religijności człowieka. Roczniki Filozoficzne, 45(4), 109-132.
Walesa Cz. (1998). Struktura religijności człowieka. Zeszyty Naukowe KUL, 41, 3-48.
Waloszczyk K. (1998). O estetycznych wartościach natury. Edukacja Filozoficzna, 25, 31-40.
Wearden J. H., Edwards H., Fakihri M., Percival A. (1998). Why „Sounds are judged longer than lights”: application of a model of the internal clock in humans. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51B, 97-120.
Williams Ch. (1998). Is tragedy Paradoxical? British Journal of Aesthetics, 38, 47-62.
Wingo A. H. (1998). African art. And the aesthetics of hinding and revealing. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 38, 251-264.
Wright G. R. H. (1998). Eros and Thanatos. A mythancient or modern? Journal of Prehistoric Religion, 11/12, 60-64.
Barsalou L. W., Huttenlocher J., Lamberts K. (1998). Basic categorization on individuals and events. Cognitive Psychology, 36, 203-272.
Bassok M., Chase V. M., Martin S. A. (1998). Adding apples and oranges: alignment of semantic and formal knowledge. Cognitive Psychology, 35, 99-134.
Baugh L. (1999). Ohiesa, cinema e l Giardini dell'Eden di Alessandro D'Alatri. Prima parte: La Tradizione del film su Gesù. Consecratione e Servizio, 47, 52-63.
Bély M.-E. (1999). La notion de personne chez Emmanuel Mounier. Approche apophatique et mystiqe. Revue des Sciences Religieuses, 73, 94-108.
Bernal S. (1998). Virtue and beauty: remarks on McGinn's aesthetic theory of virtue. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 38, 307-324.
Berthier A. (1999). Mysterieuse écriture. Études, 390, 69-77.
Bobryk J. (1997). Types of mental representation. Psychology of Language and Communication, 1, 19-27.
Bolewski J., SJ (1998). Odmiany śmierci. Życie duchowe, 16(5), 61-79.
Causse J.-D. (1999). Évangile, transmission et signifiant. Études Théologiques et Religieuses, 74, 379-393.
Cienciala A. M. (1999). On interpreting „East European” history. The Sarmatian Review, 19, 596-606.
Cortina J. M., DeShon R. P. (1998). Determining relative importance of predictors with the observational design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 798-804.
Coss R. G., Schowengerdt B. T. (1998). Evolution of the modern human face: aesthetic and attributive judgments of a female profile warped along a continuum of paedomorphic to late archaic craniofacial structure. Ecological Psychology, 10, 1-24.
Crocer J. (1998). Social stigma and self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 89-107.
Demoustier A., SJ (1999). Magia i sakrament. Przegląd Powszechny, 116, 61-68.
Diong S.-M., Bishop G. D. (1999). Anger expression, coping styles, and well-being. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 81-96.
Dreyer E. A. (1998). Narratives of the spirit: a medieval resource. Studies in Spirituality, 8, 97-140.
Duveen G. (1998). The psychosocial production of ideas: social representations and psychologic. Culture & Psychology, 4, 455-472.
Edwards R. (1998). The effects of gender, gender role, and values on the interpretation of messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 17, 52-71.
Elleven R. K., Kern C. W., Moore K. C. (1998). Residence halls and cults: fact or fiction? Cultic Studies Journal, 15, 68-76.
Frändberg T. (1999). Experiences of applying general living systems theory. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 16, 81-100.
Füllenbach E. H. (1999). Die Heiligsprechung Edith Steins – Hemmnis im christlich – jüdischen Dialog? Freiburger Rundbrief, 6, 3-20.
Galewicz W. (1998). Leontion i trupy. O Platońskiej etyce godności. Kwartalnik Filozoficzny, 26 (2), 47-69.
Gatti V. (1998). Liturgia e arte. I luoghi della celebrazione. Arte Cristiana, 86, 49-56.
Gerl-Falkovitz H.-B. (1999). Romano Guardini und die Kulturkritik Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Katholische Bildung, 100, 17-26.
Gos M. (1997). Dyskurs estetyczny a dyskurs matematyczny – problem współzależności. Sztuka i Filozofia, 14, 92-100.
Grabska S. (1999). Ta wiosna dopiero nadejdzie. Znak, 51, 89-102.
Guérin P. (1999). Pour une prédication intelligente. Croire et Comprendre, 62, 23-24.
Guttman D. (1998). On wit and humor in logotherapy. Logotherapy. Existential Analysis, 6, 9-22
Harding M. D. (1999). Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus: The secret doctrine in a Western mode. The Journal of Religion and Psychical Research, 22, 16-21.
Hegarty B. (1999). Inspiration and institution. Doctrine and Life, 49, 34-42.
Henninger M., Mandl H., Pommer M., Linz M. (1999). Die Veränderung sprachrezeptiven Handelns: Einfluß des instruktionalen Gestaltungsprinzips Authentizität. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 31, 1-10.
Hernas A. (1998). O nadziei. Logos i Ethos, 1(6), 57-89.
Hetherington E. M., Bridges M., Insabella G. M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children's adjustment. American Psychologist, 53, 167-184.
Hodgson R., Jr. (1999). Not by words alone. Listening: Journal of Religion and Culture, 34, 101-116.
Hopkins B. C. (1998). The structure, basic contents, and dynamics of the unconscious in analytical (Jungan) psychology and Husserlian phenomenology: Part II. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 29, 1-49.
Howe M. L., Courage M. L. (1997). The emergence and early development of autobiographical memory. Psychological Review, 104, 499-523.
Hutsebaut D. (1999). Als volwassene omgaan met geloof. Een keuzeproces en geen vanzelfsprekendheid meer. Collationes. Vlaams Tijdschrift voor Theologie en Pastoraal, 29, 407-424.
Jala D. (1999). Sacred art. In worship and mission. Mission Today. A New Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research, 1, 334-336.
Jaroszyński P. (1986). Metafizyka piękna. Lublin: RW KUL.
Johnston L., Locke V., Giles L., Rattary K. (1997). The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 725-741.
Jones D. R., Ripley J. S., Kurusu T. A., Worthington E. L., Jr. (1998). Influential saurces in the integration of psychology and theology: a decade summary. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 17, 43-54.
Josephs I. E. (1998). Do you know Ragnar Rommetveit? On dialogue and silence, poetry and pedantry, and celverness and wisdom in psychology. (An interview with Ragnar Rommetveit). Culture and Psychology, 4, 189-212.
Kante B. (1998). Is Metaphor really a demonstrative? Philosophy of Psychology, Aesthetics, 20, 175-189.
Kempska M. (1998). Fenomen rozpaczy. Gestalt, 4, 35; 5, 30-32.
Korossy K. (1999). Qualitativ-strukturelle Wissensmodelierung in der elementaren Teilbarkeitslehre. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 46, 28-52.
Kowner R. (1998). Effects of social deviance labels on judgements of facial attractiveness: a comparison of labelling procedures using Japanese raters. International Journal of Psychology, 33, 1-16.
Kulczycki M. (1998). Rozważania wokół zagadnień psychologicznego poradnictwa życiowego. Prace Psychologiczne, 49, 13-93.
Ladd K. L., McIntosh D. N., Spilka B. (1998). Children's God concepts: influences of denomination, age, and gender. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 8, 49-56.
Lebon J. (1999). Célebrer les dimanches. Créativité et fidélité. Celebrer. Le Magazine de la Liturgie et des Sacraments, 286, 25-42.
Lefringhausen K. (1999). Wohlfahrt statt Wohlstand. Wie die Religionen ihre Weltverantwortung gemeinsam wahrnehmen können. Ewangelische Kommentare, 32, 21-23.
Łobocki M. (1998). Janusz Korczak wzorem osobowym altruisty. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio J: Paedagogia – Psychologia, 11, 151-158.
Markus K. A. (1998). Psychological processes and mental states. American Psychologist, 53, 1077-1078.
Matusov E. (1998). When solo activity is not privileged: participation and internalization models of development. Human Development, 41, 326-349.
McKenna F. P., Myers L. B. (1997). Illusory self-assessments: can they be reduced? The British Journal of Psychology, 88, 39-51.
Michalski T. (1998). „Nowy człowiek” na podstawie listu do Kolosan (3,10-15). Studia Włocławskie, 1, 94-104.
Musek J. (1998). Political and religiosus adherence in relation to individual values. Studia Psychologica, 40, 47-60.
Nicolopoulou A., Weintraub J. (1998). Individual and collective representations in social context: a modest contribution to resuming the interrupted project of a sociocultural developmental psychology. Human Development, 41, 215-235.
Nieścior L., OMI (1997). Praktike jako walka ze złymi myślami w nauce Ewagriusza z Pontu. Vox Patrum, 17 (32-33), 177-186.
Oser F. K., Scarlett W. G. (red.) (1991). Religious development in childhood and adolescence. San Francisco: Freeman.
Ossowski S. (1966). U podstaw estetyki. Warszawa: PWN.
Paloutzian R. F., Kilpatrick L. A. (red.) (1995). Religious influences on personal and societal well-being. New York: Plenum.
Pawłów E. (1997). Twórcze strategie radzenia sobie z problemami życiowymi. Psyche, 1, 201-212.
Pietikainen P. (1998). Archetypes as symbolic forms. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 43, 325-343.
Poupard P. (1999). Oecuménisme et culture. Esprit et Vie. Binensuel Catolique de Formation Permanente, 1, 15-17.
Puffal P. (1997). Framing a developmental psychology of art. Human Development, 40, 169-180.
Reijnen A. M. (1999). Paul Tillich et Martin Buber: entente et malentendus. Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses, 74, 77-93.
Robinson D. H., Robinson S. L., Katayama A. D. (1999). When words are represented in memory like pictures: evidence for spatial encoding of study material. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24, 38-54.
Scheffbuch R. (1999). Predigtmeditationen. Für Arbeit und Besinnung, 53, 2-9.
Schneiders S. M. (1998). The study of Christian spirituality. Countours and dynamics of a discipline. Studies in Spirituality, 8, 38-57.
Siebel V., SJ (1999). Ignatus von Loyola – Chef eines blühenden Exporthauses. Entschluss: Jesuiten. Gesellschaft. Spiritualität, 54, 24-25.
Simmons C. (1999). A comparative study of educational and cultural determinants of adolescent values. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 20, 208-218.
Sirat R.-S. (1999). Le message de la Bible hébraique à l'homme d'aujourd'hui. Sens. Juifs et Chrétiens dans le Monde Aujourd'hui, 51, 4-15.
Smith S. (1999). God and the novelists. The Epository Times, 110, 101-107.
Staudinger U. M., Maciel A. G., Smith J., Baltes P. B. (1998). What predicts wisdom – related performans? A first look at personality, intelligence, and facilitative experiential contexts. European Journal of Personality, 12, 1-17.
Switankowsky I. (1998). William Alston and the direct perception of God. Studies in Religion, 27, 27-37.
Śniarowska M. H. (1998). Homo tragicus. Gestalt, 6, 26-30.
Tarnowski A. (1998). The humanistis, the socially oriented and the pragmatists: three world view patterns. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 29, 103-131.
Theron A. L., Jordaan W. J. (1998). The aesthetically oriented person – a form – entity of personality. South African Journal of Psychology, 28, 159-163.
Tokarski S. (1997). Rozwój religijności u osób uczestniczących we wspólnotach neokatechumenalnych. Studia z Psychologii, 8, 78-108.
Trojanowska E. D. (1997). Interpretacje reinterpretacji, czyli w labiryncie znaczeń. Sztuka i Filozofia, 13, 169-174.
Turiel E., Wainryb C. (1998). Concepts of freedoms and rights in a traditional, hierarchically organized society. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16, 375-395.
Walesa Cz. (1994). Doświadczenia religijne młodzieży. W: T. Ożóg (red.), Nauki społeczne o młodzieży. Lublin: „Norbertinum”, s. 107-138.
Walesa Cz. (1997). Psychologiczna analiza zmian w rozwoju religijności człowieka. Roczniki Filozoficzne, 45(4), 109-132.
Walesa Cz. (1998). Struktura religijności człowieka. Zeszyty Naukowe KUL, 41, 3-48.
Waloszczyk K. (1998). O estetycznych wartościach natury. Edukacja Filozoficzna, 25, 31-40.
Wearden J. H., Edwards H., Fakihri M., Percival A. (1998). Why „Sounds are judged longer than lights”: application of a model of the internal clock in humans. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51B, 97-120.
Williams Ch. (1998). Is tragedy Paradoxical? British Journal of Aesthetics, 38, 47-62.
Wingo A. H. (1998). African art. And the aesthetics of hinding and revealing. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 38, 251-264.
Wright G. R. H. (1998). Eros and Thanatos. A mythancient or modern? Journal of Prehistoric Religion, 11/12, 60-64.
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