Mityczny Diomedes a biblijny Jakub. Motyw „walki człowieka z bóstwem” w kulturze helleńskiej oraz w tekstach biblijnych

Abstrakt

Analysing the rich treasury of literary works from the different cultural areas one can point out that in these opuses there are sometimes various kinds of motifs, which are characterized by a certain similarity or contain in themselves some common elements. This phenomenon becomes all the more interesting when some motif, which shows parallelism, originates from two distinct cultures – in many cases independent of themselves.

An example of this can be the motif of “a human being’s struggle with deity”, which occurs – inter alia – in the fifth book of Homer’s Iliad and in 32^nd  chapter of Genesis. In the first case the man struggling with deity is Diomedes, who in battle with the Trojans wounded first Aphrodite then attacked Apollo and subsequently in direct struggle wounded Ares. In the biblical narrative there is a description of an all-night struggle with Jacob and a mysterious “someone”, which is identified either directly with God Himself or with a person of “angel of the Lord”.

The analysis of Iliad’s and Genesis’s texts allows to notice that – in despite of similarities – presented motifs differ in details. It causes, that each of them possess their own specific differences. On the grounds of the presented study one can be postulated that essential quality, which distinguishes both descriptions containing the motif of “a human being’s struggle with deity”, is the spiritual nature given to Jacob’s struggle. It – on the contrary to Diomedes’s case – is expressed by the interior transformation of patriarch Jacob and by the obtainment of blessing from God at the end of the struggle. Therefore the description of Jacob’s struggle with God possesses a much more deep message.