Roczniki Kulturoznawcze

Discourse on the Multiculturalism of Lublin in the Local Press

Justyna Szulich-Kałuża — 2020-04-24

The main purpose of the article is to examine the media discourse on multiculturalism in local media and the question whether the discourse contributes to qualitative, positive changes in the social, economic and environmental spheres and whether it shapes the societies based on fully democratic values. In particular, I am interested in two issues: language measures in creating a discourse on multiculturalism and thematic and meaning categories defining multiculturalism in Lublin. The research material consists of press articles of local titles: online editions of the dailies: Kurier Lubelski and Dziennik Wschodni and free Lublin weeklies: Nowy Tydzień and Nasze Miasto. In our own analyses they were used: content analysis and analysis of semantic fields.

The Machine in the Body—the Body in the Machine: Perception of the Human Body in a Post-Biological Society

Małgorzata Gruchoła — 2020-04-24

The aim of the article is to provide a critical analysis of the body-machine relationship in the context of post-biological society (as viewed by Roy Ascott) from two perspectives (David Tomas): on the one hand the functioning of the machine in the body as a manifestation of transgression and on the other one—the functioning of the body in the machine as a challenge and assumption of transhumanism. The term ‘machine’ in this article is limited to the cybernetic machine. This article is limited to a critical analysis of a new type of person: a cyborg—a hybrid of a human being and a machine in a post-biological society.

The following research question has been formulated: what image of the body is suggested, imposed, or maybe enforced by a post-biological society? How does the body function and influences the machine (the body inside the machine), how does the machine influence the body (the machine inside the body) and finally—how do these relationships relate to the broader social context? Are the attempts within hybridization and transhumanism not leading to the internet of bodies? Can an internet of bodies be developed just like the internet of things? The article accepts the hypothesis that crossing subsequent boundaries of the human body in a post-biological society changes the body-machine relationship. The nature of the article is analytical-descriptive and conceptual. The thesis has been confirmed.

Life Goals for Young People Leaving Primary School. Trying to Classify the Value of the Younger Generation

Błażej Dyczewski — 2020-04-24

Values as tangible and non-tangible valuables for a man or for a group of people constitute the basic element of social reality, in which a person grows up and is formed as a social being. Currently the subject literature frequently refers to a crisis of values, co-existence of many equivalent, mutually exclusive values, as well as to the permissiveness of values.

The article is an attempt at presenting the system of values in eighth-form primary school students. It is about answering the question whether the values are arranged in certain more general models and what sort of models are these? The study was performed with the use of an original online questionnaire (CAWI) completed in an auditorium between 1st October 2018 and 12th January 2019. The examined trial group (array) consisted of 70 185 school students from the area of Poland. Then the respondents were voted-off to the number, which is representative in the scale of the country—8530 students, from among whom the eighth-formers were represented by 1986 respondents.

The study results allow to find that the main aims in the lives of the respondents are arranged in a hierarchy of values, determined by such features as gender, the family’s financial situation, degree of religious commitment, size of the place of residence. Besiders, the living goals of the examinees can be reduced to a smaller number of groups that can be called the groups of values. Thus, in the system of values important for the young generation there are ethical, consumerist-material and hedonist values, but also family, socio-metrical, socially desirable, religious and perfectionist-vital values.

Luxuria, Sin and Punishment. A Prolegomenon to Iconographic Research of the Last Judgment by Jheronimus Bosch (and His Workshop) from Akademie Der Bildenden Künste in Vienna. Part I

Grzegorz Kubies — 2020-04-24

Luxuria, Sin and Punishment. A Prolegomenon to Iconographic Research of the Last Judgment by Jheronimus Bosch (and His Workshop) from Akademie Der Bildenden Künste in Vienna. Part II

Grzegorz Kubies — 2020-04-24

The Last Judgement kept in Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Vienna is currently considered by members of the Bosch Research and Conservation Project as the work of Jheronimus Bosch (c. 1450–1516) and his workshop. Within the Vienna Triptych there are many reminiscences and allusions to unchastity, lasciviousness and lustfulness. Although musical instruments—often linked with love in visual arts—appear in several scenes, in the Bosch literature musical aspects are often marginalized or even overlooked. The main purpose of this article, apart from the iconographic analysis of these several scenes (part I), is an attempt to find sources of connection between two elements in the vision of Hell: penalties corresponding to the sin of lust (luxuria) with music (part II). The musical scenes having their origins in miniature painting, also recall historical realities—aspects of private music making at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. The most important literary sources of inspiration for the painter we considered to be the Bible, Thurkill’s Vision and The Flowing Light of Divinity by Mechthild of Magdeburg. Correspondence of certain motifs in scenes depicting lust (The Wayfarer Triptych, The Haywain Triptych, The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things) with the parallel motifs in the Vienna Last Judgement proves the existence of a coherent mental-ideological system in the Bosch’s workshop in which the punishment of eternal damnation bears the stigma of earthly pleasures.

Shaping of Turkish Culture Identity after the Reforms of Kemal Mustafa Atatürk

Emilia Skowron — 2020-04-24

The Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923, has become a new state formation rejecting the Ottoman past. The unified nation has become a primary category—the opposite of the multi-ethnic society of the Ottoman Empire, in which belonging to the Muslim umma was more important than belonging to the nation. According to the founder and reformer of the new Turkey—Atatürk, complete modernization could only take place through reforms inspired by the achievements of European civilization. In the first years many changes were introduced, which were to rebuild the country on a European model. Laicism can be distinguished as the main trend, that removed religion from the public sphere in order to open society to modern solutions. There are three trends that shape the Turkish identity: Turkish (pre-Islamic), Muslim and nationalist. This indicates the complexity of the identity of Turkish residents who feel both as Turks and Muslims. The question arises about their affiliation to a civilization due to the fact that they adopted many of European civilizations while cultivating old practices and maintaining values rooted in Islam. Today, the restoration of Islam is becoming more and more visible, which indicates on the exterior of the secularization processes underlying the creation of the new Turkish Republic.

Salvation from Oblivion: Teofila Bobko-Jankowska (1920–2009)

Robert Boroch — 2020-04-24

The article documents the work of the local poet Teofila Bobko-Jankowska (1920–2009), who is associated with the Warmian town of Biskupiec. The collected material on the subject falls within the category of studies on regionalism and on the anthropology of Polish literature, documenting the cultural products of small social structures as well as the strength of their social influence on the processes of the preservation of culture in the Warmia region after 1945. In this context, regional literature and local creators of culture influence the expansion of the productive capacities of the local culture, which translates directly into expansion and consolidation of the local culture’s productive potential.