The Union of Poles-Catholics in Denmark (1918-1919)

Abstract

The seasonal emigration for labour, from Polish territories (Galicia mainly) to Denmark began in 1893. Till 1914, in the period of Spring and Summer, about 12 thousand people worked there every year. About 90% of Polish workers were young girls. During the war (1914-1918) about 5 thousand workers became permanent residents. These people initiated the existence of Polish colony in Denmark.

Since 1899, the protection of Polish workers had been organized by catholic priests (Dutch, Belgian and Danish monks mainly). This protection was focused on pastoral service. During the war, there were also attempts to organize Polish schools.

The first association of Polish emigrants in Denmark - the Union of Poles-Catholics - was organized in June 1918, at the suggestion of Polish refugees in Copenhagen (J.J. Kowalczyk, J.M. Dropiowski). The Union created over 20 local branches in Sealand, Jutland, Lolland, Falster, Fun, with 1000-1300 members. The Catholic Associaton of Women (over 400 members) was attached to the Union as well.

Since June 1918 till June 1919, the Union edited SO issues of the magazine "The Pole in Denmark". The Union organized religious and national life of Polish emigrants. It created Polish libraries, set up several education stations of Polish language and organized social assistance for emigrants and refugees. The Union acted as official representation of Polish workers to Danish authorites. In the end of 1919, the Union stopped its activities. The article and attached appendices are ample with data. The names of catholic priests working among Poles are given, as well as the names of nearly 100 Union activists, working on almost whole territory of Denmark.