Religious feelings in pre-school children in their own and their mothers’ perception
Keywords:
religious feelings, pre-school children, mothers’ perception, Anacor, comparison
Abstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pepsi-2015-0001
The aim of the study was to compare the expression of religious feelings in pre-school children and the perception of these feelings by the children’s’ mothers. Ninety Polish children from Catholic families aged 4, 5 and 6 participated in the study. A picture method along with interviews with children’s mothers were employed to gather the data. Data from the two sources was compared, taking into consideration the content and ways of expression of the described feelings. Relations between positive and negative feelings were investigated and further statistical analyses were focused mainly on negative feelings. It was found that structure of negative religious feelings obtained directly from the children bears significant similarity to the mothers’ perception.
References
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Aranowska, E. (1992). Związki między zmiennymi w interpretacji analizy składowych głównych i analizy korespondencji [The relationship between variables in the analysis of principal components and analysis of correspondence]. In: E. Aranowska (Ed.). Wybrane problemy metodologii badań [Problems in methodology of research] (pp. 133-168). Warsaw: UW.
Bartkowski, J., Xu, X., & Levin, M. (2008). Religion and child development: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Social Science Research, 37(1), 18-36.
Corrigan, J. (Ed.). (2004). Religion and emotion: Approaches and interpretations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fisher, K.W, Shaver, P.R., & Carnochan, P. (1990). How emotions develop and how they organize development. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 81-127.
Francis, L. (1994). Personality and religious development during childhood and adolescence. Religion, personality, and mental health (pp. 94-118). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Gasiul, H. (2002). Teorie emocji i motywacji [Theories of emotion and motivation]. Warsaw: UKSW.
Kielar-Turska, M., Białecka-Pikul, M. (1993). Dziecko i komunikacja: lingwistyczny, społeczny i poznawczy aspekt badań [Child and communication: linguistic, social and cognitive research aspect]. Kwartalnik Polskiej Psychologii Rozwojowej, 1(3), 3-19.
Kostrubiec-Wojtachnio, B. Tatala, M. (2014). Obraz Boga u młodzieży wyznania katolickiego [The image of God in adolescents Catholic]. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 19, 1, 85–102.
Kowalczyk, S. (2011). Człowiek w poszukiwaniu wartości [People in search of values]. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL.
Król, J. (2006). Pojęcie Boga u dzieci i młodzieży w świetle dotychczasowych badań [The concept of God in children and youth – current studies analysis]. In: S. Głaz (Ed.). Podstawowe zagadnienia psychologii religii [Basic issues in psychology of religion] (pp. 225-252). Cracow: WAM.
Meerum-Terwogt, M. (1989). Emotionele ontwikkeling in de basisschoolleeftijd [Emotional development in middle childhood]. Pedagogische-Studien, 66(6), 225-239.
Oser, F. (1991). The development of religious judgment. New Directions for Child Development, 52, 5-25.
Oser, F., Scarlett , W., & Bucher, A. (2006). Religious and spiritual development throughout the life span. Handbook of child psychology (6th ed.): Vol 1, Theoretical models of human development (pp. 942-998). Hoboken, NJ US: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Persinger, M.A. (2009). Are our brains structured to avoid refutations of belief in God? An experimental study. Religion, 39, 34-42.
Socha, P. (1996). What do we know and what we would like to know about religious feelings? Polish Quarterly of Developmental Psychology, 2, 127-130.
Szmigielska, B, (1994). Poczucie kontroli wzmocnień u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym [Sense of control of reinforcements in pre-school children]. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 2(1), 50-61.
Tamminen, K. (1994). Religious experiences in childhood and adolescence: a viewpoint of religious development between the ages of 7 and 20. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4(2), 61-85.
Tatala, M. (2000). Rozwój uczuć religijnych dzieci przedszkolnych [The development of religious feelings in children of pre-school age]. Lublin: RW KUL.
Tatala, M., 2006, Vyjadrovanie náboženských deťmi predškoského veku. [Expression of religious feelings in pre-school children]. Psychológia a patopsychológia diet’at’a, 41(2), 125-134.
Tatala, M. (2008). Odbiór symboli religijnych przez młodzież. Rozwojowe badania osób w wieku od 12 do 24 lat [The perception of religious symbols in youth. Developmental research of people aged 12-24]. Lublin: KUL.
Van Cappellen, P, Saroglou, V. (2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(3), 223-236.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Walesa, C. (2005). Rozwój religijności człowieka. T. 1. Dziecko [The development of human religiousness. Vol. 1. Child]. Lublin: KUL.
Zee, T. van der (2007). Religious ideas, feelings and their interrelationship. Research into the eff ects of religious education in parables on 10- to 12-year-olds. Berlin: LIT Verlag.
Zee, T. van der, Hermans, C., & Aarnoutse, C. (2007). The influence of feelings on cognitive achievement in religious education. Journal of Empirical Theology, 20(1), 21-51.
