The History of Special Education
Abstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2017-0011
Practices of exclusion towards deviance based on prejudices or ideologies have been present in every age and in every cultural context, often taking the stigmatization process.
Recently UNESCO in 2015 released its latest report indicating that despite the efforts of governments, civil society and the international communities, the Education for All was not yet a reality in the world. The poor, people with mental or physical disabilities, children with learning disabilities “are not in a position” to grow and develop as the others.
In particular as regards students with Special Educational Needs, to still a challenge to fi nd a teaching that is “common denominator” for all students without leaving anyone out is still a “inclusive” rather than a “special” that favours the relationship within whole class and relationships outside it.
References
Basaglia, F. (1968) L’istituzione negata, Torino: Einaudi.
Canevaro, A., Gaudreau J. (1988), L’educazione degli handicappati: dai primi tentativi alla pedagogia moderna, Roma: NIS
Canevaro, A.; Goussot A. (2000) La diffi cile storia degli handicapatti, Carocci, Roma
Children Act (1989) – http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents (accessed 23 July 2015)
Darwin, Ch. (2013). L’origine delle specie. Saggio del 1844. Edizione integrale. Roma: Newton Compton editori s.r.l.
De Polo, G., Pradal M., Bortolot S. (2011). ICF-CY nei servizi per la disabilità. Indicazioni per il metodo e prassi per l’inclusione, Milano: Franco Angeli.
Disability Discrimination Act, (1995) – http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/50/contents (visitato il 08 giugno 2015)
Goffman, E. (2003a. ed. or. 1961). Asylums. Le istituzioni totali, Torino: Einaudi
Goffman, E. (2003b. ed. or. 1963). Stigma. L’identità negata, Verona: Ombre Corte
Lepri, C. (2011). Viaggiatori inattesi. Appunti sull’integrazione sociale delle persone disabili, Milano: Franco Angeli.
Oliver, M. (1990). The Politics of Disablement Basingstoke, Macmillan. (Disponibile su: http://www.leeds.ac.uk/disabilitystudies/archiveu k/index. html). (accessed 03 July 2015)
OMS (2004) ICF short version: International Classifi cation of Functioning, Disability and Healt. Traduzione all’italiano: Lo Iacono, G.; Facchinelli, D.; Cretti, F.; Banal, S. Trento: Erikson.
ONU, Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti Umani (1948) http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/itn.pdf (accessed 08 June 2015)
ONU (1971). Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 2856 (XXVI)
ONU, World Programme of action concerning disabled persons (1992) http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=23 (accessed 08 June 2015)
Pesci, G., Pesci S. (2005). Le radici della pedagogia speciale, Roma: Armando.
Platone (2007) La repubblica, III 409, 410, Armando, Roma
Spencer, H. (1851). Social statics, or, the conditions conductive to human happiness, and the first of them specified, London:Williams & Norgate.
UNESCO (1993) Declaración de Salamanca marco de acción para las necesidades educativas especiales. Conferencia mundial sobre necesidades educativas especiales: acceso y calidad Salamanca, España. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO (2005) Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring Access to Education for All. Paris: UNESCO.
