Overcoming Post-War Traumas and Conflicts through Dialogue in Distributed Cognition
Keywords:
trauma; therapy culture; post-traumatic stress; distributed cognition; dialogue
Abstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2017-0001
The following paper presents a proposal of a theoretical foundation for an application of distributed cognition in overcoming post-war traumas and related social conflicts. The distributed cognition theory states that the cognitive system is a structure distributed between internal-mental and external-objective social world representations across time and space. The basic issue of dialogue in distributed cognition is that distribution as information dissemination in each cognitive component functions in a systemic integrity. The presented perspective of overcoming traumas and war conflicts through dialogue refers to the following aspects of human activity: 1 – the perception of an environment as a construct of own life path and self-image; 2 – active creation of a desired world, life space and desired self; 3 – agentic cognitive mapping of an environment as a real, virtual and potential life space; 4 – a way of elastic control over an environment through discovering objectively present environmental affordances; 5 – achieving agency through discovering possibilities for action rather than barriers; 6 – making the cognitive system more flexible through a change in style of thinking to a constant state of openness to new meanings and values.
References
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Barakat, S., Zyck, S.A. (2009). The evolution of post-conflict recovery. Third World Quarterly, 30, 6, 1069-1086.
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Benet-Martinez, V., Leu J., Lee F., Morris M. W. (2002). Negotiating Biculturalism. Cultural Frame Switching in Biculturals with Oppositional Versus Compatible Cultural Identities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 33, No. 5, 92–156.
Bernard, M.M., Gebauer, J.E., Maio, G.R. (2006). Cultural estrangement: The role of personal and societal value discrepancies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1, 78-92.
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Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.Breakwell, G.M. (1986). Coping with threatened identities. London and New York: Methuen.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.
Brague, R. (1992). L’Europe, la voie romaine. Paris: Editions Critérion - Idées.
Breakwell, G.M. (1986). Coping with threatened identities. London and New York: Methuen.
Breakwell, G.M. (1987). Identity. W: H. Beloff, A. Coleman (Red.), Psychology Survey 6. S. 94–114). Leicester, United Kingdom: British Psychological Society.
Breakwell, G.M. (1988). Strategies adopted when identity is threatened. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 1, 189–203.
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Cohen, D., Leung, A.K.-Y. (2009). The hard embodiment of culture. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 7, 1278–1289.
Conway, M.A., Singer, J.A., Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiografi cal memory: correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22, 5, 491-529.
Coser, L.A. (2009). Funkcje konfliktu społecznego. Kraków: NOMOS.
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Deutsch, M., Coleman, P. (red.). (2005). Rozwiązywanie konfliktów. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Finlay, W.M.L. (2005). Pathologizing dissent: Identity politics, Zionism and the ‘self-hating Jew’. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 201–222.
Fukuyama, F. Fukuyama, F. (1992). The end of history and the last man. New York: Free Press.
Furedi. F. (2003). Therapy culture: Cultivating vulnerability in an uncertain age. London: Rutledge.
Furedi, F. (2007). The changing meaning of disaster. Area, 39, 4, 482-489.
Furedi, F. (2010). Celebrity culture. Society, 47, 6, 493-497.
Gibson, J.J. (1979). Ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Miffl in.
Gotlieb, J.B. , Grewal, D., Brown, S.W. (1994). Consumer satisfaction and perceived quality: Complementary or divergent constructs? Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 6, 875-885.
Grass G. (2007). Przy obieraniu cebuli (Peeling the onion). Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Oskar.
Gross, T. (2001). Neighbors: The destruction of the Jewish community in Jedwabne, Poland. Princeton University Press.
Harpham G., G. (2002). Symbolic terror, Critical Inquiry. 28, 2, 573 - 579.
Hill, J. (1996). At home in the world. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 41, 575 – 598.
Hollander, P. (1992). Anti-Americanism: Critiques at home and abroad 1965–1990. New York: Oxford University Press,
Hollander, P. (2002) Discontents: Postmodern & postcommunist. New Brunswick, NJ.: Transaction Publishers.
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Illouz E. (2007). Cold intimaces: The making of emotional capitalism. Cambriodge: Polity Press.
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Judt, T. (2010). Aż strach się bać. Forum, V, 17-23.
Judt, T. (2012). Wielkie złudzenie. Esej o Europie. Poznań: Rebis.
Kersten, R. (2009). The intellectual culture of postwar Japan and the 1968–1969 University of Tokyo Struggles: Repositioning the self in postwar thought. Social Science Japan Journal, 12, 2, 227-245.
Kołakowska, A. (2012).Wojny kultur i inne wojny. Warszawa: Teologia Polityczna.
Kramer, R.M. (2008). Paranoja zbiorowa: nieufność między grupami społecznymi. W: P. Sztompka, M. Bogunia-Borowska (red.), Socjologia codzienności (s. 325-258). Kraków: ZNAK.
Lewin, K. (1940/1997). Self-hatred among Jews. W: K. Lewin (red.), Resolving social conflicts and field theory in social science. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Lifton, R.J. (1989). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism: A Study of ‘brainwashing’ in China. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Lis-Turlejska, M. (1998). Traumatyczny stress. Koncepcje i badania. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Psychologii PAN.
Lewin, K. (1940/1997). Self-hatred among Jews. In: Lewin, K: Resolving social conflicts and fi eld theory in social science. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, 133-142.
Lorion, R.P. (2000). Theorethical and evaluation issues in the promotion of wellness and the protection of „well-enough”. W: D. Cichetti, J. Rappaport, I. Sandle, R. P. Weisberg (Eds.). The promotion of wellness in children and adolescents (s. 1-28). Washington, DC: CWLA Press.
Lukas, R.C. (2012). Zapomniany holokaust. Polacy pod okupacją niemiecką 1939-1944. (The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German occupation, 1939-1944. Poznań: Rebis.
Macdonald, S. (2009). Reassembling Nuremberg reassembling heritage. Journal of Cultural Economy, 2, ½, 117-134.
Mannet, P. (2008). Racja narodów. Elbląg: Sprawy Polityczne.
Maruszewski, T., Stawiska, A. M. (2014). Pamięć autobiografi czna po traumie. W: K. Popiołek, A. Bańka, K. Balawajder (red.), Społeczna psychologia stosowana. Człowiek w obliczu kryzysów, katastrof i kataklizmów. Tom 1. Poznań – Katowice: SWPS – Stowarzyszenie Psychologia i Architektura.
Melendy, B.D. (2006). Narratives, festivals, and reinvention: Defi ning the German postwar homeland in Waldkraiburg. Journal of Popular Culture. 39, 6, 1049-1076.
Monteith, M., Winters, J. (2002). Why we hate. Psychology Today, 35, 3, 44.
Niedenthal, P.M., Barsalou, L., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 184–211.
Niedenthal, P.M.; Mondillon, L., Effron, D.A., Barsalou, L.W. (2009). Representing social concepts modally and amodally. W: F. Strack, J. Forster (red.), Social cognition: The basis of human interaction (s. 23–47). New York: Psychology Press.
Nordstrom, C. (1997). A different kind of war story. Philadephia: University of Pensylvania Press.
Noworol, C. (2013). Heurystyki kategorii rozmytych w koncepcji pomiaru psychologicznego. Kraków: UJ.
Oliva G., (2006). Si ammazza troppo poco. I crimini di guerra italiani 1940-43. Milano: Mondadori.
Oettingen, G., Mayer, D., Thorpe, J. S., Janetzke, H., & Lorenz, S. (2005). Turning fantasies about positive and negative futures into self-improvement goals. Motivation and Emotion 29, 4, 237-267.
Pawełczyńska, A. (2012). Koniec kresowego świata. Koni żal. Lublin: Polihymnia.
Pinkerton, P. (2012). Resisting memory: The politics of memorialisation in postconflict Northern Ireland. British Journal of Politics & International Relations. 14, 1, 131-152.
Reed, E.S. (1996). Encountering the world. Toward an ecological psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Riding, A. (2012). A zabawa trwała w najlepsze. Warszawa: Świat Książki.
Robins, R.S., Post, J.M. (1999). Paranoja polityczna. Psychopatologia nienawiści. Warszawa: KiW.
Robinson, M.D., Wilkowski, B.N. (2006). Loving, hating, vacillating: Agreeableness, implicit self-esteem, and neurotic conflict. Journal of Personality, 74, 4, 935-977.
Sakai, T. (2009). Trans-generational memory: Narratives of world wars in postconflict Northern Ireland. Sociological Research Online, 14, 5,1-14.
Schneider, S. (2001). In search of realistic optimism. Meaning, knowledge, and warm fuzziness, American Psychologist, 56,3, 250-263.
Seeman, M. (1971). The urban alienations: Some dubious theses from Marx to Marcuse. Journal Of Personality & Social Psychology, 19(2), 135-143.
Segev T. (2012). Siódmy million. Izrael – piętno Zagłady,Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Sloterdijk, P. (2008). Krytyka cynicznego rozumu. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo DSW.
Sloterdijk, P. (2009). Theory of the post-war periods: Observations on Franco-German relations since 1945. Wien: Springer.
Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. (Skrawione dzieje. Europa między Hitlerem a Stalinem. New York: Basic Books.
Szatkowski, W. (2012). Goralenfolk. Historia zdrady. Zakopane: Kanon.
Taylor, S. E. (1989). Positive illusions: Creative self-deception and the healthy mind. New York: Basic Books.
Wheen, F. (2009). Strange days indeed: The golden age of paranoia. London: Fourth Estate
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